刑事附带民事诉讼赔偿制度探讨

发布时间：2018-02-26 04:07

本文关键词： 刑事附带民事赔偿制度　出处：《江西财经大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在平等民事主体中,侵犯他人民事权利造成违约或侵权的行为人,应承担相应法律规定的民事赔偿责任,这就包括直接的财产赔偿,人身损害赔偿和精神损害赔偿,这种救济对被侵权人是全面充分的。而在刑事犯罪案件中,对被害人的法律救济却是有限的。根据我国刑法第三十六条第一款和刑事诉讼法第九十九条第一款规定,被害人只能对其因犯罪行为遭受的直接物质损失提起附带民事诉讼,而不能对被盗抢财物或精神损害提起附带民事诉讼。笔者认为,刑事犯罪不仅侵害了国家法律明文规定保护的犯罪客体,更是对被害人的精神、身体和财产造成不可估量的损失。因此被告人除依法应承担刑法规定的相应刑罚外,更应该承担对被害人的民事赔偿责任,履行赔偿义务。法律应该支持被害人进行全面充分的救济,而不局限因犯罪行为遭受的物质损失。本文分四大章：引言简要介绍研究的对象、社会背景、研究的必要性等。第一章介绍刑事附带民事诉讼程序中,诉讼参与主体各方及其地位、作用,诉讼客体,在诉讼过程中,为保障诉讼程序以及执行程序的顺利进行,而采取的保全措施。为尽快结束诉讼程序不致久拖不决,在进行法庭审理之后应根据不同情形进行调解或作出判决、裁定。第二章现行刑事附带民事诉讼赔偿的局限为因犯罪行为造成的直接物质损失,对刑事被害人的救济远远不足。应将附带民事诉讼赔偿范围扩大,对被害人的合法权利进行全面彻底的救济,对因犯罪行为造成的间接损失、精神损害,被盗抢财产不能退赔的损失等比照民事诉讼进行赔偿。第三章当前各地法院对刑事附带民事诉讼赔偿标准不一致,有时更多的考虑案外因素,如被告人的赔偿能力、执行的难易程度等。而实务界与理论界对赔偿标准也认识不一。一些人主张刑事附带民事诉讼赔偿,本质还是民事赔偿,应与民事诉讼赔偿标准一致。而更多的人认为因犯罪行为人已受到了最严厉的刑事处罚,民事赔偿标准则相应地要降低些。而笔者认为,正是因为犯罪行为人实施了刑法所禁止的犯罪行为,对被害人造成了巨大损失,为惩罚犯罪行为人,并抚慰被害人,对犯罪行为人实行惩罚性赔偿,刑事附带民事诉讼赔偿标准应高于民事诉讼赔偿标准。第四章对于确定的刑事附带民事诉讼赔偿,不应停留在纸上,而应实实在在地兑现。但往往因犯罪行为人因犯罪行为接受了刑罚制裁,其本身并无可供执行的财产,其家人对执行的不理解、不配合,导致赔偿无法兑现。被害人的合法权益得不到有效救济,往往生活都无法保障。一些人为得到救济而不断上访、申诉,造成各种社会问题。为更好地救济刑事被害人,应建立国家先行补偿机制,对于犯罪行为人暂时无法赔偿的,由国家先行补偿,再由国家向犯罪行为人进行追偿。结语。为更好地发挥刑事附带民事诉讼制度的作用,有必要对我国的刑事附带民事诉讼进行改进,扩大刑事附带民事诉讼赔偿的范围,与民事诉讼赔偿范围一致。为惩治犯罪,有效预防犯罪,对犯罪行为人实行惩罚性赔偿,赔偿标准应高于民事诉讼赔偿标准。对于犯罪行为人无法赔偿到位的,应建立国家先行补偿机制,确保刑事被害人的权利得到充分救济,更好地维护社会稳定,构建和谐社会。
[Abstract]:In the equal civil subjects, infringe civil rights caused by breach of contract or tort behavior, should bear corresponding civil liability law, which include direct property compensation, compensation for personal injury and mental damage compensation, the remedy of infringement is comprehensive enough. But in the criminal case. The legal relief is limited. According to the thirty-sixth article of the criminal law of our country and the criminal procedure law ninety-ninth provisions of the first paragraph, the victim can file an incidental civil action of direct material losses due to crime, but not on the stolen property or spiritual damages incidental civil action. The author believes that the criminal is not only violation of state law expressly provides for the protection of the object of the crime, the victim is the spirit, body and property caused immeasurable loss. Therefore the defendant in accordance with Law should bear corresponding penalty provisions of the criminal law, should bear the liability for civil compensation to the victim, perform the obligation of compensation. The law should support the victims of the full relief, but not because of the limitations of the crime suffered material losses. This paper is divided into four chapters: the introduction briefly introduces the research object, the social background, the need of research etc. the first chapter introduces the criminal incidental civil procedure, litigation parties and the status, role of subject, object of action, in the course of the proceedings, in order to guarantee the procedure and the execution procedure smoothly, preservation measures taken. As soon as the end procedure is not long, after the court shall make a judgment according to different circumstances, ruling through mediation or limitations. In the second chapter, the current criminal incidental civil action for compensation for direct material damage caused by criminal acts, the criminal The relief of victims is far insufficient. Civil compensation litigation should be expanded, thorough to the victim's legal rights, and the indirect losses caused by criminal behavior, mental damage, the stolen property cannot restitution loss compensation by civil litigation. In the third chapter, the current around the court on criminal incidental civil compensation standard is not the same, sometimes more consideration of outside factors, such as the defendant's compensation ability, perform difficult degree. And the practical and theoretical circles on the standard of compensation is not a recognized. Some people advocate the criminal incidental civil action for compensation, or the nature of civil compensation, and compensation standard and more consistent. People think that because of the crime has been the most severe criminal penalty, the civil compensation standard is appropriate to reduce some. But the author thinks that it is because of the implementation of the crime A crime, causing huge losses to the victim, for the punishment of the perpetrator, and comfort the victim, execute punitive damages of crime, criminal incidental civil litigation should be higher than the standard of compensation for civil compensation standard. The fourth chapter for the determination of the criminal incidental civil action for compensation, should not remain on paper, and to be truly fulfilled. But due to the crime for the crime to accept the penalty, which itself has no property available for execution, the execution of the family does not understand, do not match, resulting compensation can not be honored. The legitimate rights and interests of victims can not get effective relief, often some human life cannot guarantee. To get relief and petition, complaint, caused by all kinds of social problems. For the better relief of criminal victims, should establish a national compensation system for criminal behavior first, temporarily unable to compensate people, The first compensation by the state, by the state to the crime of recourse. Conclusion. In order to better play the role of criminal incidental civil lawsuit system, it is necessary for China's criminal incidental civil action to improve, expand the scope of criminal incidental civil action for compensation, and the scope of civil litigation compensation. To punish the crime effectively the prevention of crime, crime of punitive compensation, the compensation standard should be higher than the standard of compensation for civil litigation. The perpetrator cannot compensation in place, should establish a national first compensation mechanism, to ensure the rights of criminal victims to get full relief, to better maintain social stability and build a harmonious society.

【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D925

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