正当防卫中公力救济优先原则的适用——以暴力反抗强拆案和自力行使请求权案为例

发布时间：2018-02-27 15:37

本文关键词： 正当防卫公力救济公定力自助行为拆迁　出处：《法学》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在我国司法实践中近年来出现的暴力反抗强拆案和自力行使请求权案,使正当防卫与公力救济之间的关系成为法教义学亟待关注的课题。在法治国中,应最大限度地实现维护公力救济机制的权威性和保护公民合法权益这两大价值诉求的平衡。首先,应当把正当防卫的前提条件和行使条件区分开来;公力救济优先只能通过防卫权行使条件从程序上"冻结"防卫权,而不能从实体上消灭防卫权的存在。其次,只有当同时满足以下要件时,公力救济才需要并且能够取得优先于正当防卫的地位:一是法律在相关领域具有追求秩序稳定的特殊价值目标;二是受到不法行为损害的法益,能够通过事后的公力救济得到恢复;三是受害公民在寻求公力救济途径的过程中,不会遭遇过分重大的困难。
[Abstract]:In the judicial practice of our country in recent years, violent revolt against forced demolition cases and cases of exercising the right of claim by oneself have made the relationship between legitimate defense and public relief a subject of urgent concern in the doctrine of law. In the process of ruling the country by law, the relationship between self-defense and public relief has become a subject of urgent concern. The balance between maintaining the authority of public relief mechanism and protecting citizens' legitimate rights and interests should be realized to the maximum extent. Public relief priority can only be exercised through the exercise of the conditions of defense right from the procedural "freeze" defense right, but not from the entity to eliminate the existence of defense right. Secondly, only if the following elements are met simultaneously, Public relief needs and can take precedence over legitimate defense: first, the law has the special value of pursuing order and stability in the relevant fields; second, the legal interests damaged by illegal acts, It can be recovered through public relief after the event; third, the injured citizens will not encounter excessive difficulties in the process of seeking public relief.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学法学院;中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“刑法中紧急权的体系与解释研究”(批准号:15CFX036)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D920.5;D925.2

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