刑事证人出庭作证制度实证研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 20:50

本文选题：出庭范围　切入点：保护措施　出处：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：刑事案件中,证人的出庭作证对人民法院的定罪量刑有决定性的作用,无论是从惩罚犯罪还是从保障人权的角度来看,证人的出庭作证都不可代替。刑事案件的审理法官并非案件的直接目击者,案件的审理过程主要是依靠犯罪嫌疑人的供述和证人的出庭作证来对案件事实进行还原,然后以事实为依据以法律为准绳来进行准确的定罪量刑。据此,证人出庭作证的作用不言而喻。但在司法实务中让证人出庭作证一直是困扰司法实务工作者的难题,即使出庭作证,也有各种障碍,让法官难以还原案件事实,准确定罪量刑,从而不利于惩罚犯罪和保障犯罪嫌疑人的人权。为此,我国2012新修订的《刑事诉讼法》关于证人出庭作证做出了新的规定,相比以前的规定有了很大的进步,主要涉及出庭作证的证人范围、证人保护和强制措施、经济保障等,但作为一种新的突破,还有一些不足的地方。本文根据对W、X、Y县人民法院2009年至2014年上半年刑事审判案件证人出庭情况的数据分析,并结合现行法律,来探究在新刑诉法施行前后刑事案件审判中证人出庭率的变化,分析其原因,并对证人出庭作证制度的完善提出合理化的建议。本文除引言和结语外,正文由三个部分组成:第一部分:证人出庭作证的总体情况及特点。根据对W、X、Y县人民法院2009年到2014年上半年的证人出庭情况的调研,分析当前我国证人出庭作证的总体情况和特点;主要包括调研数据,总体情况和证人出庭作证的特点。为后文分析证人出庭作证存在的问题及原因奠定基础,以及为完善证人出庭作证的措施提供现实的依据。第二部分:证人出庭作证存在的问题及原因分析。笔者通过对公安、检察院、法院公务人员的访谈,搜集法院的案例,以及适当展开问卷调查,总结出证人出庭作证存在的问题。并结合新《刑事诉讼法》修改之前后关于证人出庭作证制度规定的变化,分析在司法实践中证人出庭作证存在问题的原因。第三部分:证人出庭作证完善的具体措施。在分析调研数据的基础上,结合本国现阶段证人出庭作证存在的问题以及原因的分析,笔者对证人出庭作证的完善提出了相应的措施,主要包括增强公民的法律意识;强化证人作证义务,建立证人拒证责任追究制度;完善证人机器近亲属的保护制度;合理构建我国刑事证人的免证权;强制证人出庭的立法完善;完善证人经济补偿制度并建立证人出庭作证的奖励制度等。
[Abstract]:In criminal cases, the appearance of witnesses to testify in court plays a decisive role in the conviction and sentencing of the people's court, whether from the point of view of punishing the crime or protecting human rights. The trial judge of the criminal case is not the direct witness of the case. The trial process of the case mainly depends on the confession of the criminal suspect and the testimony of the witness to restore the facts of the case. On the basis of facts, the law is used as the criterion for accurate conviction and sentencing. According to this, the function of witnesses appearing in court to testify is self-evident. However, in judicial practice, it has been a difficult problem for judicial practitioners to make witnesses appear in court to testify. Even if testifying in court, there are various obstacles, which make it difficult for the judge to restore the facts of the case, accurately convict and sentence, which is not conducive to punishing the crime and safeguarding the human rights of the criminal suspect. The newly revised Criminal procedure Law of our country in 2012 has made new provisions on witnesses appearing in court to testify, which has made great progress compared with the previous provisions, mainly related to the scope of witnesses, witness protection and compulsory measures, economic security, and so on, which are mainly related to the scope of witnesses appearing in court, witness protection and compulsory measures, economic security, and so on. However, as a new breakthrough, there are still some shortcomings. This paper analyzes the appearance of witnesses in criminal trial cases from 2009 to 2014 in WXY County people's Court, and combines with the existing laws. In order to explore the change of witness appearance rate in criminal case trial before and after the implementation of the new Criminal procedure Law, to analyze the reasons, and to put forward some reasonable suggestions for the perfection of witness testifying system. The text consists of three parts: the first part: the general situation and characteristics of witnesses appearing in court. This paper analyzes the general situation and characteristics of the witnesses appearing in court in our country at present, mainly includes the investigation data, the general situation and the characteristics of the witnesses appearing in court. It lays a foundation for the later analysis of the problems and causes of the witnesses appearing in court. The second part is the analysis of the problems and causes of the witnesses appearing in court. The author collects the court cases by interviewing the public security officials, procuratorates and court officials. As well as properly carrying out the questionnaire survey, summarizes the problems existing in the witnesses appearing in court to testify, and combined with the changes in the system of witnesses appearing in court before the revision of the new Criminal procedure Law, The third part: the concrete measures of the perfection of witness appearing in court. On the basis of analyzing the investigation data, the author analyzes the reasons of the problems in the witness appearing in court and testifying in the judicial practice. Based on the analysis of the problems and reasons of the witnesses appearing in court in our country at present, the author puts forward the corresponding measures to improve the witnesses' testifying in court, mainly including strengthening the citizens' legal consciousness, strengthening the duty of witnesses to testify. To establish the system of investigating witnesses' responsibility for refusing to testify; to perfect the protection system of witnesses' machine near relatives; to construct reasonably the right of exemption of criminal witnesses in our country; to enforce the legislative perfection of witnesses appearing in court; To perfect the financial compensation system of witnesses and establish the reward system for witnesses to testify in court.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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