未成年犯罪人的刑事处遇与法律保护

发布时间：2018-03-15 19:44

本文选题：未成年犯罪人　切入点：犯罪特征　出处：《安徽大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国的刑事司法制度伴随着新刑事诉讼法的实施,也已经步入了一个崭新的时期。在刑事诉讼程序中,与修改前的刑事诉讼法相比,关于未成年犯罪人的突出变化是在特别程序中特设了一章,一共有11条,使得未成年犯罪人的刑事诉讼程序在立法体例上也显得相对独立。这不仅是新刑诉法在其惩罚犯罪与保障人权原则方面的体现,更是充分反映出我国当今社会对未成年犯罪人权益保护的关注。因为随着法治建设的发展和文明程度的加强,对未成年人给予特别保护并加以特殊的社会关怀是世界各国已经达成的共识。未成年时期作为一个步入社会的过渡时期,是为人生的关键阶段。因为大多处于叛逆期,又有较强的自主和挑战意识,其认知分辨能力都有欠缺,思想行为具有很强的可塑性。若不给予正确的引导和足够的关怀,加之社会不良因素的影响,极易形成逆反心理,从而对周边事物产生不满和反抗,甚至做出极端的行为走上犯罪道路。因此,关爱未成年人,建立科学完整的未成年人保护体系势在必得,尤其是在凸显人权保障的今天,显得特别重要。预防未成年人犯罪与未成年犯罪人的挽救关怀是社会和谐发展的两个重要方面。由于未成年人的心智不够健全,对社会及自身的认知能力和程度不深,易受社会不良因素的影响,最终走上犯罪道路。这不仅要求我们在司法活动中给予未成年犯罪人特别关照,开启“绿色通道”,还要求我们要举全民之力,动员全社会的力量,从家庭到学校乃至社会,都应给予未成年人更多的关爱。社会关怀包括法律关怀、教育关怀、生存关怀、发展关怀等等方面,未成年人的健康成长需要社会关怀,未成年犯罪人更需要社会的特别关怀。因此,如何创造一个良好的社会环境促进未成年人的身心发育是一项必须攻克的难题。从”开源”上来研究,在全社会弘扬正气是净化社会环境的一项重要举措。同时,由于未成年犯罪人本身的特殊性,他们的人生才刚开始,在一定程度上给予其较好地关怀,坚持以“教育为主,惩罚为辅”为原则,使其迷途知返,具有重大意义。本文着力从未成年人犯罪的基本情况入手,通过简要阐述未成年人犯罪的行为特征、现状和呈现的新特点,查找分析未成年人犯罪的共性心理原因,进行理性思考,并试着分析当前我国对未成年犯罪人的社会关怀,并有效借鉴国外的做法,全面分析并探求未成年犯罪人的社会关怀,尤其是人文关怀和司法关怀,便于对当前形势下如何有效预防和减少未成年人犯罪,加强对未成年人的思想教育和法制理念,同时就如何完善未成年人司法制度提供积极的参考价值。
[Abstract]:With the implementation of the new criminal procedure law, China's criminal justice system has entered a new period. The salient change with regard to underage offenders is a special chapter in the special procedures, with a total of 11 articles, This makes the criminal procedure of the minor criminal appear relatively independent in the legislative style, which is not only the embodiment of the new criminal procedure law in its principle of punishing crime and safeguarding human rights, It also fully reflects the concern of our society for the protection of the rights and interests of juvenile offenders. With the development of the construction of the rule of law and the strengthening of the degree of civilization, Giving special protection to minors and giving them special social care is a consensus that has been reached all over the world. As a transitional period of society, it is a critical stage of life. Because most of them are in the period of rebellion, There is also a strong sense of autonomy and challenge, its cognitive discrimination is deficient, the thinking and behavior have a strong plasticity. If not given the correct guidance and adequate care, coupled with the influence of social factors, it is easy to form adverse psychology, Therefore, caring for minors and establishing a scientific and complete protection system for minors are inevitable, especially today when the protection of human rights is highlighted. The prevention of juvenile delinquency and the rescue care of minor offenders are two important aspects of the harmonious development of society. Vulnerable to adverse social factors, we eventually embark on the road of crime. This not only requires us to give special attention to juvenile offenders in our judicial activities and open a "green channel," but also requires us to mobilize the strength of the whole society through the efforts of the whole people. From family to school and society, we should give more care to minors. Social care includes legal care, educational care, survival care, development care, etc. The healthy growth of minors needs social care. Juvenile offenders need special care from society. Therefore, how to create a good social environment to promote the physical and mental development of minors is a difficult problem that must be overcome. It is an important measure to purify the social environment to carry forward the positive spirit in the whole society. At the same time, due to the particularity of the minor offenders themselves, their life has just begun, and to a certain extent they have been given better care, insisting on "education as the main thing." It is of great significance for punishment to be secondary to the principle of "making it go astray". This paper focuses on the basic situation of juvenile delinquency, and expounds briefly the behavior characteristics, present situation and new features of juvenile delinquency. To find and analyze the common psychological reasons of juvenile delinquency, to think rationally, and to try to analyze the current social care of juvenile delinquents in our country, and to draw lessons from foreign practices, and to analyze and explore the social care of juvenile offenders in an all-round way. In particular, humanistic and judicial care can facilitate the effective prevention and reduction of juvenile delinquency and the strengthening of ideological education and legal concepts for minors under the current situation. At the same time, how to improve the juvenile justice system to provide a positive reference value.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D925.2

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