中国传统司法文化中“尽情察狱”研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 09:11

本文选题：尽情察狱　切入点：传统司法文化　出处：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在理解“尽情察狱”时要先对“情”进行动态地把握。“情”可谓人之禀赋,把其放入“察狱”之刑事司法活的中,不同时期的不同学者各有其主张,但可以概括总结为三大门类多个种别。即:与案件相关之情、与伦理相关之情、与社会相关之情。古代司法官要对“情”予以正当性的把握,就需要司法官之“尽”。司法官之“尽”也是个需要多层面动态的问题,在内在方面要求司法官恪守职业情操,在外在方面表现为广义的及时性上,同时还涉及了办案的程序性做法问题,由此形成了对司法官公正裁判,准确据法的要求。可以说司法官鞫情之“尽”是其责任使然,同时也应该对未尽鞫情职责的情形进行监督、惩罚与补救。在分析过“尽情察狱”之“情”与“尽”之内涵,借鉴霍存福老师与祖伟老师在其各自著述中的相关解析之后,将“尽情察狱”理解为形成于中国传统法文化的基础上,是立法上的一种导向,是司法上的一种要求,是对社会秩序的一种回应。首先,它是立法上的一种导向,这要求使“法”与“情”两者平衡;其次,它是司法上的一种要求,这就对司法官的办案行为进行了规制;最后,它是对社会秩序的一种回应,在达到情法统一的同时促进社会的发展。了解尽情察狱之规范与实践,将立法与司法的视角相结合,在古代从律令法到律例法体系的发展中,有关尽情察狱的规定则屡见不鲜,其具体的司法运用也层出不穷。由此,也见证者中国古代社会治理的御民之术与与官之术的统一,催生了“用谲钩慝”之术的合理使用,以及“鞫情之术”达到的“尽吐实言”的司法效果。尽情察狱的实体真实价值、明谨慎罚的关怀、情法统一的司法处理方式等是中华传统法文化中的瑰宝,其中对毒树之果的补正,司法官对被告人品格证据的认定以及司法官司法智慧的表征都是有一定的历史进步性,但同时也要认识到尽情察狱的一些固有不足,诸如司法官的选定上、具体方法的运用上、适度性的把握上以及殃及效应的影响上都有种种的限制。如今再谈到中国传统司法文化中“尽情察狱”之理念时,不仅要强调挣脱传统法文化中糟粕的束缚,还要突破传统法文化局限并深入挖掘传统法文化。研究尽情察狱的传统司法文化,虽然其司法理念形成于过去,但在透过“尽情”情异之别,洞晓“察狱”应有之意后,其实质精华也可为我们今人所用。我们应该看到古代社会司法官通过尽情察狱的方式处理案件的合理性,古代司法官对“情”的解析与运用也是很大程度上暗合了现代人心理,可以为现代司法提供经验。
[Abstract]:When we understand "observe prison heartily", we should first grasp "emotion" dynamically. "emotion" is the gift of human beings, and put it into the criminal judicial life of "prison inspection". Different scholars in different periods have their own opinions. But it can be summarized as three kinds of categories, that is, the feelings related to the case, the ethics and the society. It is also a multi-level dynamic problem that requires the judge to adhere to professional sentiment in the internal aspect, and displays in a broad sense of timeliness in the external aspect. At the same time, it also involves the procedural practice of handling cases. As a result, it has formed the requirement for a just and accurate administration of justice by a magistrate. It can be said that the "best" of the judge's feelings is the result of his responsibility. At the same time, we should also supervise, punish and remedy the situation of failure to fulfill our duties. After analyzing the connotations of "feeling" and "exertion" of "heartily observing the prison" and drawing lessons from the relevant analysis of teacher Huo Cunfu and teacher Zuwei in their respective writings, It is a kind of guidance in legislation, a requirement of judicature and a response to social order. First, it is a kind of guidance in legislation. This requires a balance between "law" and "emotion"; secondly, it is a judicial requirement, which regulates the handling of cases by magistrates; finally, it is a response to the social order. In the process of unifying the law of feeling and promoting the development of society, it is common for us to understand the norms and practices of observing prison heartily, and to combine the angle of view of legislation and judicature. In the development of the ancient law system from the law to the law, it is not uncommon to observe the prison as much as you like. The concrete judicial application is also emerging in endlessly. Thus, the unity of the ancient Chinese social governance of the art of resisting the people and the skill of officials has given birth to the rational use of the technique of "using treacherous hook to conceal". And the judicial effect of "telling the truth" achieved by "the technique of emotion". The real value of the prison, the care of the prudent punishment, the unified judicial treatment of the emotion and the law are the treasures of the Chinese traditional law culture. Among them, the correction of the fruit of poison tree, the recognition of the character evidence of the defendant by the magistrate and the representation of the judicial wisdom of the judge have some historical progress, but at the same time, we should also realize some inherent deficiencies of heartily observing the prison. Such as the selection of magistrates, the application of specific methods, the assurance of proportionality and the influence of the effects of disaster. Now when we talk about the concept of "observing prison heartily" in Chinese traditional judicial culture, It is necessary not only to break the shackles of the dross in the traditional legal culture, but also to break through the limitations of the traditional legal culture and dig deeply into the traditional legal culture, and to study the traditional judicial culture of observing the prison heartily, although its judicial idea is formed in the past. However, after we know the meaning of "observing prison" through "heartily" different feelings, the essence of it can also be used by us today. We should see the rationality of law enforcement judges in ancient society in handling cases in a manner that allows them to observe prison heartily. The analysis and application of the "emotion" by the ancient law enforcement judges to a great extent conformed to the modern people's psychology, which can provide experience for the modern judicature.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926

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