论刑事辨认笔录的证据运用

发布时间：2018-03-21 15:09

本文选题：辨认笔录　切入点：证据性质　出处：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：刑事辨认是刑事诉讼中侦查人员用于侦查案件的重要手段,辨认笔录即是记录辨认结果的一种固定形式,它对于案件事实的认定有不可替代的证明作用。然而在各国的司法领域中存在大量的因辨认笔录导致的冤假错案,故辨认笔录的重要性不言而喻。虽然辨认笔录作为一种法定证据被我国《刑事诉讼法》所确认,但是相关配套制度的缺失以及实践操作中的混乱直接影响辨认笔录的证明能力,影响其诉讼价值的实现。本文通过对两大法系的辨认笔录问题进行比较分析,探讨我国辨认笔录的立法现状及其证据运用中的主要缺陷,对辨认笔录的证据性质进行分析,力图通过明确刑事辨认程序的相关规则,加强辨认笔录的审查机制,健全辨认笔录的审批监督机制来完善辨认笔录之运用,提高辨认笔录之法律价值,维护法律之公正。全文共由四部分组成：第一部分主要对辨认笔录的基本理论进行分析,包括对辨认笔录的法律界定和对辨认笔录特征的分析。首先解读了目前我国学者对辨认笔录的不同定义,在此基础上对辨认笔录予以界定,然后从辨认笔录的言辞性、程序和实体的综合载体性和传闻不可靠性这三个方面分析辨认笔录的特征。第二部分对域外刑事辨认笔录的证据运用进行比较考察,主要从英美法系和大陆法系两大法系进行分析。在两大法系之间,不管是在文化背景、诉讼意识,还是在法律价值观念、法律理论以及法律实践中都有很大的区别。因此对两大法系辨认笔录的比较考察也主要从上述几方面进行。第三部分重点阐述了我国关于辨认笔录制度的现状,主要从辨认笔录的立法现状和辨认笔录证据运用中的主要缺陷两个方面进行分析。在立法方面,辨认笔录制度还处在起步阶段,相关程序运行机制的缺失以及司法实践中工作人员的任意操作,都会加大冤假错案的发生,降低辨认笔录的证明价值。第四部分重点阐述了关于我国刑事辨认笔录运用的完善建议,具体包括：首先应完善刑事辨认程序的相关规则；然后在对域外国家比较借鉴的基础上主张建立一套具有我国法治特色的审查评估规则；最后从辨认人出庭质证制度、心理学专家证人制度、非法证据排除规则、补强证据规则这四个方面来完善刑事辨认笔录的相关程序机制,从而进一步提高辨认笔录的诉讼价值。
[Abstract]:Criminal identification is an important means used by investigators in criminal proceedings to investigate cases. The identification record is a fixed form of recording the result of identification. It has an irreplaceable role in proving the facts of the case. However, in the judicial field of various countries, there are a large number of cases of wrongs and wrongs caused by the identification of the record. Therefore, the importance of the identification record is self-evident. Although the identification record is recognized as a kind of legal evidence by the Criminal procedure Law of our country, the lack of relevant supporting system and the confusion in the practice directly affect the proof ability of the identification record. Through the comparative analysis of the identification record of the two legal systems, this paper discusses the legislative situation of the identification record and the main defects in the application of the evidence in our country, and analyzes the nature of the evidence in the identification record. Through clarifying the relevant rules of the criminal identification procedure, strengthening the examination mechanism of the identification record, perfecting the examination and approval supervision mechanism of the identification record, improving the application of the identification record, and improving the legal value of the identification record, The full text consists of four parts:. The first part mainly analyzes the basic theory of the identification record, including the legal definition of the identification record and the analysis of the characteristics of the identification record. On this basis, the identification record is defined, and then the characteristics of the identification record are analyzed from three aspects: the verbality of the identification record, the comprehensive carrier of procedure and entity and the unreliability of hearsay. In the second part, the author makes a comparative study of the evidence used in the foreign criminal identification record, mainly from the Anglo-American law system and the civil law system. Between the two legal systems, whether in the cultural background, litigation consciousness, There are also great differences in legal values, legal theory and legal practice. Therefore, the comparative investigation of the identification notes of the two legal systems is mainly carried out from the above several aspects. The third part focuses on the status quo of the identification record system in China, mainly from two aspects: the current legislation of the identification record and the main defects in the use of the evidence in the identification record. The identification record system is still in its infancy, the lack of relevant procedure operation mechanism and the arbitrary operation of the staff in judicial practice will increase the occurrence of unjust false and wrong cases, and reduce the value of proof of identification record. Part 4th focuses on the improvement of the use of criminal identification records in China, including: first of all, we should improve the relevant rules of criminal identification procedures; Then, on the basis of reference to foreign countries, it proposes to establish a set of rules of examination and evaluation with the characteristics of our country's rule of law; finally, from the system of identifying persons appearing in court, the system of psychological expert witnesses, the rule of exclusion of illegal evidence, Strengthen the rules of evidence to improve the relevant procedural mechanism of criminal identification record, and further improve the procedural value of identification record.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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