未成年人刑事案件“捕诉合一”机制的反思与构建

发布时间：2018-03-31 08:18

本文选题：未成年　切入点：捕诉分立　出处：《湘潭大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：批捕权设置的立法目的,在于通过让检察机关对侦查机关提请批捕的申请进行审查,防止侦查权的滥用,进而危害公民的人身自由；提起公诉权的立法目的,一方面在于审查判断侦查机关的起诉申请是否合法、必要,另一方面在于限制法院裁判权的作用对象和范围,进而保障刑事诉讼被追诉人不被轻易和非法的追究刑事责任。关于批捕权和提起公诉权之间的关系,在理论和实践中出现了“捕诉分立”和“捕诉合一”两种模式。其中,“捕诉分立”模式体现了刑事诉讼分权制衡理论、程序公正和人权保障等基本价值追求；而“捕诉合一”模式则反映出诉讼效率、检察引导侦查和检察机关办案质量标准统一等价值诉求。近年来,随着我国未成年人犯罪形势的日益严峻,加强对未成年人的保护成为刑事司法领域的一大突出问题。2012年《刑事诉讼法》修改,强化了对未成年人适用逮捕措施的要求,并且增设了针对未成年人的附条件不起诉制度等内容,力图贯彻“教育、感化、挽救”的方针和“教育为主、惩罚为辅”的原则。另外,伴随着近年来部分地方检察机关的探索和实践,2012年最高人民检察院《关于进一步加强未成年人刑事检察工作的决定》明确了设立未成年人刑事检察独立机构的逮捕、起诉合一的政策。自此,标志着我国未成年人刑事检察工作“捕诉合一”制度正式确立。未成年案件捕诉合一制度的构建,具有贯彻办理未成年人刑事案件方针政策的价值追求和现实要求。但是与此同时,面临理论上的正当性,在实践中,也对侦查监督有效性的保障、逮捕与起诉标准的合理界分、检警关系的重构、检察机关队伍建设和工作机制的提升等方面提出了新的挑战。在此背景下,有必要通过实证的研究,考察未成年人案件“捕诉合一”模式的实践运行情况。基于此,本文以笔者所在单位自2012年来所开展的未成年人“捕诉合一”工作实践为实证研究对象,通过对比改革试点前后的相关数据、情况,试图分析该模式的实践现状,反思其中存在的问题,进而提出改革完善建议,以期为我国未成年人刑事检察工作的进一步发展提供智力支持。
[Abstract]:The legislative purpose of the establishment of the power to authorize arrest is to prevent the abuse of the power of investigation by allowing the procuratorial organ to examine the application for approval of arrest submitted by the investigating organ, thereby endangering the personal freedom of the citizen; and to institute the legislative purpose of the right of public prosecution.On the one hand, it is necessary to examine and judge whether the prosecution application of the investigative organ is legal, and on the other hand, it is necessary to limit the object and scope of the court's adjudication power, and then to ensure that the accused person in criminal proceedings is not investigated for criminal responsibility easily and illegally.As to the relationship between the right to arrest and the right to initiate public prosecution, there are two modes of "separation of arrest and prosecution" and "unity of arrest and prosecution" in theory and practice.Among them, the mode of "separation of arrest and prosecution" embodies the basic value pursuit of the theory of separation of powers and checks and balances of criminal proceedings, procedural justice and human rights protection, while the mode of "unification of arrest and prosecution" reflects the efficiency of litigation.Procuratorial guidance investigation and procuratorial organ handling case quality standard unification and so on value appeal.In recent years, with the increasingly serious situation of juvenile delinquency in China, strengthening the protection of minors has become a prominent problem in the field of criminal justice. The revision of the Criminal procedure Law in 2012 has strengthened the requirements for the application of arrest measures to minors.In addition, the system of conditional non-prosecution for minors is added in order to carry out the policy of "education, influence and rescue" and the principle of "education as the main factor, punishment as the auxiliary".In addition, with the exploration and practice of some local procuratorial organs in recent years, the decision of the Supreme people's Procuratorate on further strengthening the work of juvenile criminal procuratorial work in 2012 made clear the arrest of the independent criminal procuratorial institution for minors.The policy of the unity of prosecution.Since then, it marks the formal establishment of the system of "the unity of arrest and prosecution" in the criminal procuratorial work of minors in our country.The construction of the system of the unity of arrest and prosecution in juvenile cases has the value pursuit and practical requirements of carrying out the policy of handling juvenile criminal cases.But at the same time, faced with the legitimacy of theory, in practice, it also guarantees the effectiveness of investigation supervision, the reasonable demarcation of the standard of arrest and prosecution, and the reconstruction of the relationship between prosecutors and police.The construction of procuratorial team and the promotion of working mechanism put forward new challenges.Under this background, it is necessary to investigate the practice of the mode of "unity of arrest and prosecution" in juvenile cases through empirical research.Based on this, the author of the unit since 2012 to carry out the "arrest and prosecution" work practice as an empirical research object, through the comparison of the relevant data before and after the pilot reform, the situation, trying to analyze the practice of the model status quo.This paper reflects on the existing problems and puts forward some suggestions for reform and perfection in order to provide intellectual support for the further development of juvenile criminal procuratorial work in China.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

【相似文献】