规章以下规范性文件司法审查问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 06:17

本文选题：规章以下规范性文件　切入点：合法性　出处：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国,规章以下的规范性文件是指国务院各部委、地方政府及其主管部门以及享有法定授权的行政组织为执行法律、法规和规章颁布实施的效力在规章以下的具有普遍约束力的决定、命令。这些规章以下的规范性文件往往是行政机关作出行政行为最直接的、具有具体可操作性的依据,它填补了法律空白,满足了实际生活中行政管理的需要,使法律原则和规范更加具体化和具有可操作性。但是由于规章以下规范性文件并不像法律、法规和规章那样属于“法”的范畴,对其并没有配套的行之有效的规范进行制约,现有的审查监督方式往往只注重形式而不在乎结果,导致不合法的规范性文件时而出现在行政机关的管理活动中危害人民群众的合法利益。依据不合法的行政规范性文件作出的具体行政行为对公众的合法利益的损害不仅影响了党和政府在人民心中的形象,更加阻碍了我国社会主义法治建设。现行的对行政规范性文件监督审查方式的不足也是导致我国必须尽快完善司法审查制度的重要原因。所谓权力机关的监督审查主要是指全国人大及其常委会、地方各级人大及其常委会对行政规范性文件进行备案审查,对违反宪法和法律规定的行政规范性文件有权予以撤销。行政机关内部对规范性文件的监督审查包括上级行政机关对下级行政机关制定的具有普遍约束力的决定、命令等进行备案、清理和行政复议审查。不管是权力机关监督审查还是行政机关内部的监督审查都存在着不足之处,在实践中起不到有效的监督制约作用,不利于保护公民的合法利益。因此,将规章以下规范性文件合法性纳入司法机关的审查监督之下尤为必要,司法具有公平公正公开的优点,由司法机关对行政规范性文件的审查更容易被行政相对人所认可。新修订的《行政诉讼法》第53条、第64条正式确立司法机关对规范性文件审查制度的框架,但新制度必定存在不足之处,例如:审查形式的附带性、审查范围的有限性、审查效力的谦抑性以及审查程序缺乏具体可操作性。行政规范性文件的审查真正进入法院司法实务操作还需要学者们、司法工作者们进行更多探究。本文在研究我国司法审查制度现状及其问题的基础上,参考借鉴了国外先进的规范性文件司法审查制度,对我国司法审查制度构建提出了一些具体的操作建议,包括司法审查标准、原被告资格、法院管辖、审查方式和法院审查效力等。法院审查实务工作的开展离不开这些具体的程序规定,这也是司法审查制度题中应有之义。
[Abstract]:In our country, the normative documents under the regulations refer to the various ministries and commissions of the State Council, the local governments and their competent departments, as well as the administrative organizations with statutory authorization for the implementation of the law. A generally binding decision, order, or order that is subject to the rules and regulations. The normative documents below these regulations are often the most direct and practical basis for the administrative agency to make an administrative act. It fills the legal gap, meets the needs of the administration in real life, and makes the legal principles and norms more concrete and operable. But because the normative documents below the regulations are not like the law, The rules and regulations, which belong to the scope of the Law, do not have a complete set of effective norms, and the existing methods of examination and supervision tend to focus only on the form and not on the results. Illegal normative documents sometimes appear in the administrative activities of administrative organs to endanger the legitimate interests of the masses. The damage to the legitimate interests of the public caused by specific administrative acts made according to illegal administrative normative documents. Harm not only affected the image of the Party and the government in the hearts of the people, The deficiency of the current supervision and examination mode of administrative normative documents is also the important reason why our country must improve the judicial review system as soon as possible. The investigation mainly refers to the NPC and its standing Committee, The local people's congresses at various levels and their standing committees shall conduct a record examination of administrative normative documents, Administrative normative documents in violation of the Constitution and laws shall have the right to be revoked. The internal supervision and examination of normative documents by administrative organs includes generally binding decisions made by administrative organs at higher levels on administrative organs at lower levels, Whether it is the supervisory review of power organs or the internal supervision and examination of administrative organs, there are deficiencies, and they do not play an effective supervisory and restrictive role in practice. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to bring the legality of the following normative documents under the scrutiny and supervision of the judiciary, which has the advantages of fairness, fairness and openness. The examination of administrative normative documents by judicial organs is easier to be recognized by administrative counterparts. Article 53 of the newly revised Administrative procedure Law and Article 64 of the newly revised Administrative procedure Law formally establish the framework of the judicial review system for normative documents. However, there must be shortcomings in the new system, such as the incidental nature of the form of review, the limitation of the scope of review, The modesty of the effectiveness of the examination and the lack of concrete maneuverability of the examination procedure. The examination of the administrative normative documents really entering the judicial practice of the court still needs scholars, On the basis of studying the current situation and problems of the judicial review system in China, this paper draws on the advanced judicial review system of normative documents from abroad. Some concrete suggestions on the construction of judicial review system in China are put forward, including the standard of judicial review, the qualification of the original defendant, the jurisdiction of the court, The practice of court review cannot be carried out without these specific procedural provisions, which is also the proper meaning of the judicial review system.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.3

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