刑事错案防范中的检察监督

发布时间：2018-04-13 21:43

本文选题：刑事错案 + 错案防范　；参考：《黑龙江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,刑事错案不断见诸媒体,从河南赵作海案,到湖北佘祥林案,再到安徽于英生冤案。这一起起错案引发了社会的热议,同时也引起了学界的高度重视,开始着重对刑事错案问题展开深入研究,致力于构建和完善我国的刑事错案防范机制。错案的发生,往往不是由单一因素引起的,而是多重因素共同导致的。每发现一件错案,就会对我国司法产生一次冲击,也意味着又有一名无辜者的人权受到侵害。错案的多次出现使得司法公正受到质疑。综合分析导致刑事错案的原因,缺乏有效的检察监督是非常重要的方面。错案中揭示出的检察监督问题主要体现在:立案阶段的监督信息太少以及监督手段缺乏刚性;在侦查阶段和审查起诉阶段检察监督人员对监督职责的忽视以及监督制度本身存在漏洞,使得监督流于形式;审判阶段检察机关缺乏独立性,难以发挥出独立的监督作用。导致检察监督不力的原因主要有:第一,检察机关与公安机关和法院之间的“流水式作业”模式使得检察机关难以发挥独立的监督作用。第二,案外因素介入,影响检察机关的独立性。部分刑事案件中,正是因为政法委的不当介入,严重影响了检察机关的独立监督地位。第三,检察人员的错案防范意识不强,一些检察人员为了尽快“结案”,对公安机关的刑讯逼供置之不理,错案因而发生。检察人员对自身职责不能做到严肃认真,使得检察机关在错案防范中难于发挥其有效的监督的作用。针对目前检察监督的现状及其存在的问题,有必要对检察检察机关的监督职能进行明确界定,并进一步完善检察监督立法,加强检察机关对刑事诉讼判决作出前各阶段的监督。首先,要加强检察机关对立案监督的刚性;其次,要构建直接、动态的侦查监督;再次,实现检察机关对审判过程的同步监督。在检察队伍建设方面,要加强检察人员对“非法证据排除规则”的适用,建立错案责任追究机制,保障刑事诉讼检察监督权力的正常、顺利、健康行使,实现司法的公平、正义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, criminal error cases have been seen in the media, from Zhao Zuohai in Henan, she Xianglin in Hubei, and Yu Yingsheng in Anhui Province.This wrong case caused a heated discussion in the society, but also caused a great deal of attention in academic circles, began to focus on the criminal wrong case in-depth study, committed to the construction and improvement of our country's criminal misdemeanor prevention mechanism.The occurrence of wrong cases is often caused not by a single factor, but by multiple factors.Each discovery of a wrong case will have an impact on our country's judiciary, which means that another innocent person's human rights have been violated.The repeated appearance of wrong cases makes the judicial justice be questioned.The lack of effective procuratorial supervision is very important in the comprehensive analysis of the causes of criminal error.The problems of procuratorial supervision revealed in wrong cases are mainly reflected in: too little supervision information in the filing stage and the lack of rigidity of supervision methods;In the stage of investigation and examination of prosecution, the procuratorial supervisors ignore their supervisory duties and the supervision system itself has loopholes, which makes supervision become a mere formality; the procuratorial organs in the trial stage lack of independence, so it is difficult to play an independent supervisory role.The main reasons for the weak procuratorial supervision are as follows: first, the income mode of operation between the procuratorial organs, the public security organs and the courts makes it difficult for the procuratorial organs to play an independent supervisory role.Second, extrinsic factors influence the independence of procuratorial organs.In some criminal cases, it is the improper intervention of the political and legal Commission that seriously affects the independent supervisory status of the procuratorial organs.Third, the procuratorial personnel's awareness of prevention of wrong cases is not strong. In order to "close the case" as soon as possible, some procuratorial personnel ignore the extortion of confessions by torture of public security organs.The procuratorial staff can not be serious about their own duties, which makes it difficult for the procuratorial organs to play their role of effective supervision in the prevention of wrong cases.In view of the present situation of procuratorial supervision and its existing problems, it is necessary to define clearly the supervisory function of procuratorial organs, to further perfect the legislation of procuratorial supervision, and to strengthen the supervision of procuratorial organs in each stage before the judgment of criminal proceedings is made.Firstly, we should strengthen the rigidity of procuratorial organs' supervision on filing cases; secondly, we should construct direct and dynamic investigation supervision; thirdly, we should realize the synchronous supervision of procuratorial organs to the trial process.In the construction of procuratorial team, it is necessary to strengthen the application of "illegal evidence exclusion rules" by procuratorial personnel, to establish a mechanism to investigate the responsibility of wrong cases, to ensure the normal, smooth and healthy exercise of procuratorial supervisory power in criminal proceedings, and to realize the fairness of the administration of justice.Justice.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D925.2

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