大陆与台湾地区公民参与审判制度比较研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 13:09

本文选题：人民陪审制度 + 人民参审制度　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：公民参与司法审判制度是当今世界各国各地区普遍重点建设和完善的一项司法制度,法院在审判工作中引入普通公民一起进行,有效地为法院的审判活动设置了一层监督和制约手段,在这种机制的保护下充分发挥公民参与的能动性,将司法工作内在的民主性和公正性表现出来。我国大陆和台湾地区公民参与审判在当前的发展中都遇到了些许阻碍,例如实践中部分地方法庭人民陪审员流于形式,台湾地区观审员权利受限以及合宪性争议等,这些不利于司法改革发展的因素在现实中是存在的,但是我们不能因此摒弃这种民主性的司法参与活动,从发展的角度,在世界的其他地方都经历过一种新制度从诞生到完善这段颠簸曲折的过程,没有哪个地方的司法进步是平坦无阻的。在这个可能较为漫长的发展过程中我们要做的是紧紧把握公民参与司法审判的初衷,在民主公正的精神的指导下,以宪法为根基,以制度为保障,实现深入民心的司法审判。本文除去引言和结语两部分,总共分为三个章节。本文在第一章主要论述了我国大陆与台湾地区公民参与司法审判的历史发展和建设现状。任何制度都要经历由诞生到完善的渐进的过程,因此为了完成两种制度的对比研究,与此同时阐述了大陆地区人民陪审和审判公开制度的由来,也论述了台湾地区正在逐步形成和确定的观审制度。大陆的公民参与司法审判的发展是以时间为线索论述的,包括根据地时期和建国初期的司法改革,台湾地区是以不同时期颁布的不同的法律草案为阶段分节论述的。我国大陆目前已经形成的公民参与司法审判的方式对于台湾地区具有一定程度的借鉴作用。本文在第二章对大陆的人民陪审员制度和台湾地区的观审员制度进行了较为详细的比较,其中第一部分是对我国两岸这两种不同制度的现状的比较,不同的制度在现实中存在不同的优缺点,具有不尽相同的社会效用。第二部分则将两种公民参与司法制度本身进行了比较,包括人民陪审制度与宪法的关系等内容。本文第三章提出了未来完善我国大陆与台湾地区公民参与司法基本制度的可行的建议。本文尝试通过对我国大陆和台湾地区公民参与司法审判活动的方式和制度保障加以研究,以宪法为基础尝试分析我国公民参与司法的起源、发展以及与台湾地区的比较,挖掘出不同制度在实践中出现的不同问题和相似问题的原因,彼此吸取精华之处,渐渐进步和完善。
[Abstract]:The system of citizen participation in the administration of justice is a judicial system that is generally constructed and perfected in various parts of the world. The court has introduced ordinary citizens into the trial work.It has effectively set up a layer of supervision and restriction means for the trial activities of the court. Under the protection of this kind of mechanism, the initiative of citizen participation can be brought into full play, and the inherent democracy and impartiality of the judicial work will be manifested.The participation of citizens in trials in mainland China and Taiwan has met with some obstacles in the current development. For example, in practice, some local court people's jurors have become mere formals, the rights of judges in Taiwan are restricted, and constitutional disputes are also involved.These factors, which are not conducive to the development of judicial reform, exist in reality, but we should not abandon this democratic judicial participation from the perspective of development.In other parts of the world, there has been a bumpy and tortuous process from the birth to perfection of a new system, and no judicial progress has been smooth and unhindered.What we should do in this possible long development process is to firmly grasp the original intention of citizen's participation in the judicial trial, under the guidance of the spirit of democracy and justice, take the constitution as the foundation and the system as the guarantee, and realize the judicial trial which goes deep into the people's heart.Apart from the introduction and the conclusion, this article is divided into three chapters.In the first chapter, this paper mainly discusses the historical development and construction status of citizen participation in judicial trial in mainland China and Taiwan.Any system has to go through a gradual process from birth to perfection. Therefore, in order to complete the comparative study of the two systems, at the same time, it expounds the origin of the system of people's jury and open trial in mainland China.Also discusses the Taiwan area is gradually forming and determining the system of observation and trial.The development of citizen participation in judicial trial in mainland China is discussed in the light of time, including the judicial reform in the base region period and in the early period of the founding of the people's Republic of China, and the different draft laws promulgated in different periods in Taiwan region.The form of citizen participation in judicial trial in mainland China has a certain degree of reference for Taiwan.In the second chapter, the author makes a detailed comparison between the people's jury system in the mainland and the trial judge system in Taiwan, the first part of which is a comparison of the current situation of the two different systems on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.Different systems have different advantages and disadvantages in reality and have different social effects.The second part compares the two kinds of civil participation in the judicial system itself, including the relationship between the people's jury system and the Constitution.In the third chapter, the author puts forward some feasible suggestions on how to perfect the basic system of citizen participation in the judicial system of mainland China and Taiwan in the future.This paper attempts to analyze the origin, development and comparison of citizen participation in the administration of justice in China based on the Constitution through the study of the ways and systems of citizens' participation in judicial activities in mainland China and Taiwan.Excavate the different problems and similar problems in practice of different systems, absorb the essence of each other, and gradually progress and improve.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.2

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