由证明力到证据能力——我国非法证据排除规则的实践困境与出路

发布时间：2018-04-15 22:00

本文选题：证据能力 + 证明力　；参考：《政法论坛》2015年05期

【摘要】：根据证据裁判原则,证据必须同时具备证据能力和证明力,证据能力是对证据的法律要求,解决的是证据的法律资格和容许性问题;证明力则是对证据的事实要求,解决的是证据与待证事实证明强度的有无及大小。非法证据排除规则是针对严重程序违法行为的一种程序性制裁,其排除基点应为证据能力而非证明力。由于我国证据立法及实践偏重证明力规则而忽视证据能力规则,非法证据排除基点严重错位,以证明力取代证据能力,并由此导致非法证据范围的不清晰,排除程序的不独立和滞后、非法证据证明的形式化等问题,非法证据排除规则陷入实践困境。未来非法证据排除规则的完善应摆脱证明力的羁绊,以证据能力为标准,明晰非法证据的范围,从主客观两方面构建非法证据的认定标准;以对证据能力的规制为目标,构建独立、前置的排除程序;以证据能力为核心,推进非法证据证明的实质化。
[Abstract]:According to the principle of evidence adjudication, evidence must possess both evidentiary capacity and evidentiary power, which is the legal requirement of evidence, and the legal qualification and permissibility of evidence, while the force of proof is the factual requirement of evidence.The solution is the existence and magnitude of the strength of the evidence and the facts to be proved.The exclusionary rule of illegal evidence is a kind of procedural sanction against serious procedural illegal acts, and its exclusion basis should be the ability of evidence rather than the power of proof.Because the legislation and practice of evidence in our country emphasize on the rule of proof and ignore the rule of evidence ability, illegal evidence eliminates the serious dislocation of basic points and replaces the ability of evidence with proof, which leads to the illegibility of the scope of illegal evidence.The exclusion rules of illegal evidence fall into practical difficulties due to the non-independence and lag of the exclusion procedure and the formalization of illegal evidence proof.In the future, we should get rid of the fetters of proof ability, make clear the scope of illegal evidence, construct the identification standard of illegal evidence from subjective and objective aspects, and take the regulation of evidence ability as the goal.To construct an independent and leading exclusion procedure and to promote the materialization of illegal evidence proof with evidence ability as the core.
【作者单位】： "2011"计划司法文明协同创新中心;吉林大学法学院;
【基金】：中央其他部门社科研究项目《非法证据排除规则实施性规则研究》课题(批准号:12SFB2029)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D925.2

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