我国失信被执行人名单制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 11:56

本文选题：失信被执行人名单制度 + 执行难　；参考：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：民事执行作为全部民事诉讼过程中的终结程序,直接影响着诉讼当事人利益的得失。长久以来,民事执行难这一问题是各地、各级人民法院难以攻破的共同难题。在执行实践中,被执行人拒不履行生效法律文书确定的义务的行为,损害了债权人的合法权益,严重阻碍了社会信用体系的建构,挑战了我国司法的公信力,不利于诉讼制度的健康发展。在这样的背景下,各地人民法院在实践的基础上不断摸索创新,最终找出了一条通过信用惩戒的方式震慑被执行人主动履行义务的"新路子",为失信被执行人名单制度的诞生和发展积累了宝贵的理论和实践财富。2007年失信被执行人名单制度作为一种执行程序被我国《民事诉讼法》最终确立,为实践中失信被执行人信息的公开提供了明确的法律依据,为民事执行难问题的解决指明了方向,也为构建社会信用体系奠定了基础。制度的根基源于理论的积累,失信被执行人名单制度也不外乎于此。作为民事强制执行措施中的一种,失信被执行人名单制度深入贯彻民事强制执行中的各项原则,始终以全面维护当事人合法权益原则为中心,坚守诚实信用原则,采用强制与教育相结合的执行理念,以尽可能的促进执行效率的提高。就制度价值而言,从当事人利益均衡的角度出发,失信被执行人名单制度是在实现债权人合法权益的前提下,对债务人利益进行的一种等价交换。这种等价交换是对当事人双方合法利益的保护,既实现了债权人的合法权益,也没有造成债务人法定义务以外的利益减损。失信被执行人名单制度秉承公平原则,为双方当事人提供一个良好的平衡机制,以达到利益兼顾的法律效果。从社会信用体系构建的角度出发,失信被执行人名单制度与社会信用体系的构建息息相关、相互依存。失信被执行人名单制度对于全方位的评价社会主体信用水平以及促进整个社会信用体系的完善都起着重要的作用。就当下现状而言,我国在立法上通过颁布一系列的制度及措施不断加强对失信被执行人的惩戒力度,在执行实践上各地法院也因地制宜的进行制度创新。然而,制度的发展并非一蹴而就,失信被执行人名单制度的弊端日益凸显出来。无论是在制度构建上还是在具体实践中均存在诸多不足,比如,系统的法律体系尚未形成、制度建设不完善、协助执行机制运行不畅、现有立法规定上的缺失、被执行人权利难以维护等等,这些均严重影响着我国失信被执行人名单制度效能的最大发挥,违背了立法的初衷。因此,应从制度构建以及各地法院具体实践现状两个方面出发,针对制度所面临的困境"点对点"的提出解决之道,比如,通过制定强制执行法、完善制度建设、构建协助执行机制、保证被执行人合法权利等,促进我国失信被执行人名单制度的发展和完善,使其能动作用发挥到极致。除此之外,我国失信被执行人名单制度在自身实践检验之余还可借鉴国外相关制度中的先进理念,即通过与韩国不履行债务者名单制度及德国债务人名录制度进行比较,可适当性的将韩国不履行债务者名单制度中的"财产明示"程序以及德国债务人名录制度中的"代宣誓"程序等引进到本国制度中,以更好地实现失信被执行人名单制度的效用价值。
[Abstract]:As an end procedure in the course of all civil proceedings, civil execution has a direct impact on the gains and losses of the interests of the litigants. For a long time, the problem of civil execution is a common problem which is difficult to break out by the people's courts at all levels. In the practice, the executor refuses to perform the obligation determined by the effective legal documents. The legitimate rights and interests of the creditor have seriously hindered the construction of the social credit system, challenged the public trust of the judiciary in our country, and was not conducive to the healthy development of the litigation system. In this context, the people's courts in various places have explored the innovation on the basis of practice, and finally found out a way to deter the execution by the executor through the way of credit punishment. The "new path" of obligation has accumulated valuable theoretical and practical wealth for the birth and development of the list system of the person who lost faith in the list of executors in.2007. As an executive procedure, it is finally established by the Civil Procedure Law of China, which provides a clear legal basis for the public in practice. The solution of the difficult problem of execution indicates the direction and lays the foundation for the construction of the social credit system. The foundation of the system is derived from the accumulation of theory, and the system of the list of dishonest executors is no more than that. As one of the civil enforcement measures, the system of the list of dishonest executors is deep into the principles of implementing the civil enforcement. In the end, the principle of full maintenance of the legitimate rights and interests of the parties is the center, the principle of honesty and credit is maintained and the implementation concept of compulsory and education is adopted to improve the efficiency of execution as far as possible. In terms of institutional value, the system of the list of dishonest persons is to realize the legitimate rights and interests of the creditors from the perspective of the balance of the interests of the parties. Under the premise, an equivalent exchange of the interests of the debtor. This equivalent exchange is to protect the legitimate interests of both parties, not only to realize the legitimate rights and interests of the creditors, but also to reduce the interests other than the obligor's legal obligations. The list system of the person who lost the letter of credit is in accordance with the principle of fairness and provides a good basis for both parties. From the perspective of the construction of social credit system, the system of the list of discreditworthy executors is closely related to the construction of social credit system. The list system of the discreditworthy executor has a comprehensive evaluation of the credit level of the social subject and the promotion of the whole social credit system. As far as the current situation is concerned, in terms of legislation, China has enacted a series of systems and measures to strengthen the punishment of the dishonest person, and in practice, the courts also innovate the system according to local conditions. However, the development of the system is not achieved overnight. The shortcomings of the system are becoming more and more obvious. For example, there are many shortcomings in the system construction or in the concrete practice, such as the system's legal system has not been formed, the system construction is not perfect, the implementation mechanism is not smooth, the existing legislative provisions are missing, the implementation of human rights is difficult to maintain and so on. These all seriously affect our country's dishonesty. The maximum performance of the system of the executor has violated the original intention of the legislation. Therefore, we should proceed from two aspects of the system construction and the actual practice of the courts in various places, and put forward the solution to the "point to point" of the dilemma faced by the system, for example, by making the enforcement law, perfecting the system construction, building a assistance implementation mechanism, and ensuring the implementation of the system. The legal rights of the executor, etc., promote the development and perfection of the list system of the executor in our country, and make its active role to the extreme. In addition, the list system of the executor in our country can also draw on the advanced ideas of the related system in foreign countries, that is, through the system of non fulfilling the debt list of the South Korea. The German debtor list system is compared. It is appropriate to introduce the "property declaration" procedure in the Korean non performance debtor list system and the "oath of oath" procedure in the German debtor's list system, in order to better realize the utility value of the enforced name system.

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.2

【参考文献】