我国民事公益诉讼调解制度的适用研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 02:09

本文选题：民事公益诉讼 + 调解制度　；参考：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：进入二十一世纪后,我国市场经济蓬勃发展,与此同时,也带来了日趋严峻的公益保护问题,损害公共利益的事件频频发生,尤其是在环境污染领域和消费者权益保护领域。在大多数国家,运用公益诉讼制度作为维护社会公共利益的救济途径已经日臻成熟,而我国虽然早就有带有公益性质的司法实践,但是在立法上正式将这一制度纳入我国民事诉讼的法律体系是在2012年《民事诉讼法》的修订中。此次修订虽然增加了民事公益诉讼的条款,但对于民事公益诉讼能否适用调解的问题却只字未提,而是在后来的司法解释中才肯定了在民事公益诉讼当中可以适用调解制度。在我国,民事公益诉讼在本质上仍然属于民事诉讼,但其公益性的本质特征,导致了调解制度的运用必然与传统的民事诉讼不同,包括在性质上、处分权的行使上以及原则上等都有所区别。而将调解运用到民事公益诉讼当中,既体现了法律的公正价值,也体现了法律的效率和自由价值,这不仅是一种制度上的创新,也促进了纠纷的解决,更好的保护了社会公共利益。而从当前我国民事公益诉讼调解制度的立法现状和司法现状可以看出,我国民事公益诉讼的调解制度虽然出发点是维护社会公益,但在实践中仍有些不尽如人意之处,具体体现在职权主义色彩浓厚、没有明确具体的调解内容、程序性的规定不完善及执行力薄弱等。这些不足之处的存在,使得调解制度在民事公益诉讼中的发挥造成了一定的阻碍。由于调解制度在我国纠纷解决体系中占有举足轻重的地位,将其运用到解决转型时期出现的众多现代型纠纷中,对于弥补单纯依靠法院审判来化解纠纷、保护公益具有重要的意义。为了使这项制度发挥其应有的作用,首先应建立有限调解制度,严格限制调解程序的启动时间,严格规范调解的适用范围并加强法院对调解协议的审查确认;其次应合理强化法院在调解过程中的主导地位,扩大调解程序的启动方式;再次应完善公告制度,明确公告的方式和内容,书面告知有关行政机关并构建公众意见收集、采纳与反馈机制;最后需完善对民事公益诉讼调解的监督制度,加强社会监督、执行监督、建立官方公益诉讼平台,实现法院、有关机关、公益团体以及社会公众的有效互动。
[Abstract]:After entering the 21 century, the market economy of our country has developed vigorously, at the same time, it has also brought more and more serious problems of public welfare protection, and the events of harming the public interest have occurred frequently, especially in the field of environmental pollution and the protection of consumers' rights and interests. In most countries, the application of the public interest litigation system as a relief way to safeguard the social public interest has become increasingly mature, but China has long had judicial practice with the nature of public welfare. However, the legal system of bringing this system into China's civil procedure law was amended in 2012. Although the amendment has added the provisions of civil public interest litigation, it has not mentioned whether mediation can be applied to civil public interest litigation, but confirmed that mediation system can be applied in civil public interest litigation only in the later judicial interpretation. In our country, civil public interest litigation is still a civil action in essence, but its essential characteristics of public welfare cause the use of mediation system to be different from the traditional civil litigation, including the nature. There are differences in the exercise and principle of the right of disposition. The application of mediation to civil public interest litigation not only reflects the fair value of law, but also the efficiency and free value of law, which is not only an innovation in system, but also promotes the settlement of disputes. Better protect the public interest. From the current legislation and judicial status of the mediation system of civil public interest litigation in China, we can see that the mediation system of civil public interest litigation in our country is based on safeguarding the social public good, but in practice it is still not satisfactory. It is embodied in the strong sense of authority, the lack of specific mediation content, the imperfection of procedural regulations and the weakness of execution. The existence of these deficiencies makes the mediation system in the civil public interest litigation caused some obstacles. Because the mediation system plays an important role in the system of dispute resolution in our country, it is applied to solve many modern disputes in the transitional period, and to make up for it by relying solely on the court to resolve the dispute. It is of great significance to protect the public interest. In order to make this system play its due role, first of all, we should establish a limited mediation system, strictly limit the start time of mediation procedures, strictly regulate the scope of application of mediation and strengthen the court's examination and confirmation of mediation agreement; Secondly, we should reasonably strengthen the leading position of the court in the mediation process and expand the starting mode of the mediation procedure. Thirdly, we should perfect the public announcement system, make clear the manner and content of the announcement, inform the relevant administrative organs in writing and build up the collection of public opinions. Finally, it is necessary to perfect the supervision system of civil public interest litigation mediation, strengthen social supervision, implement supervision, establish official public interest litigation platform, and realize the effective interaction among courts, relevant organs, public welfare groups and the public.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.14

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