论刑事见证人的权利保护

发布时间：2018-05-01 04:46

本文选题：刑事见证 + 见证人权利　；参考：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑事见证行为是司法程序正当化过程下的产物,是法治社会下的要求。刑事见证人是刑事见证行为的主体,指在诸如勘验检查、搜查、扣押等侦查程序以及法律文书送达程序中和程序结束后进行监督和证明的与案件无关的人,是在刑事诉讼程序中具备独特功能的一类主体,对于制约公权力保障私权利、防止冤假错案具有重要意义。程序正义下程序的公开、透明要求刑事见证这一制度的产生,而刑事见证人功能的发挥依赖于对见证人权利的保护,见证人的权利保护是刑事见证制度的一个重要方面,它有着多方面的价值目标,是正当程序、权力制约和人权保障的要求,是权利义务一致原则和诉讼效益原则的体现,但见证人的权利保护一直是学界研究忽略的方面。世界各国对见证制度的取舍有三种：强制见证、自由见证和排斥见证,结合各见证制度的利弊与我国的国情,宜在我国建立强制见证制度,置见证人于重要位置,更利于保障见证人权利的实现,以此保证见证功能的有效发挥。见证人的权利保护有着如此重大的意义,但是,受权力本位、义务本位以及重实体轻程序等法律传统的影响,当前我国的刑事见证立法相当粗糙,其中对刑事见证人权利的保护几乎没有涉及,见证人的法律地位不明、权利内容不确定、侵权后无法律救济,导致侦查权大大凌驾于见证人权利之上,见证人形同虚设,对侦查活动的监督力度弱小,导致程序正义缺乏保驾护航者。针对现状,无论是为直接满足见证行为实效性的需要,抑或是适应程序法定原则,均需要我们在立法中重视刑事见证人的权利保护。保护见证人的权利对于完善见证制度、保障见证功能、防止冤假错案、维护程序公平正义意义重大。因此,应明确见证行为的性质、见证人的法律地位和权利种类,加强对侦查权的监督,建立见证人权利的救济制度,将见证人的权利落到实处。
[Abstract]:The behavior of criminal witness is the result of the process of the justice of judicial procedure and the requirement of the society of rule of law. A criminal witness is the subject of a criminal witness. It refers to a person who is not involved in the case during the investigation procedures, such as investigation, search, seizure, etc., as well as in the procedure for the service of legal documents and after the conclusion of the procedure, It is a kind of subject with unique function in criminal procedure. It is of great significance to restrict the public power to protect private rights and to prevent unjust and false cases. Under procedural justice, the openness and transparency of the procedure require the emergence of the criminal witness system, and the function of the criminal witness depends on the protection of the witness's rights. The protection of the witness's right is an important aspect of the criminal witness system. It is the requirement of due process, power restriction and human rights protection. It is the embodiment of the principle of consistency of rights and obligations and the principle of benefit of litigation, but the protection of the rights of witnesses has always been neglected by scholars. There are three kinds of choice of witness system in the world: compulsory witness, free witness and exclusive witness. Combining the advantages and disadvantages of each witness system and the national conditions of our country, it is appropriate to establish the compulsory witness system in our country, and place the witness in the important position. More conducive to the realization of witness rights, so as to ensure the effective play of witness function. The protection of the rights of witnesses has such great significance. However, due to the influence of the legal tradition such as power standard, obligation standard and the emphasis on substance and light procedure, the current criminal witness legislation in our country is rather rough. The protection of the rights of criminal witnesses is hardly involved. The legal status of witnesses is unclear, the content of their rights is uncertain, and there is no legal remedy after infringement, which leads to the investigation right being greatly superior to the rights of witnesses. The supervision of investigation activities is weak, resulting in the lack of procedural justice escort. In view of the present situation, whether it is to directly meet the needs of the effectiveness of witness acts, or to adapt to the principle of procedural law, we need to pay attention to the protection of the rights of criminal witnesses in the legislation. Protecting the rights of witnesses is of great significance to improve witness system, protect witness function, prevent unjust and false cases, and safeguard procedural fairness and justice. Therefore, it is necessary to make clear the nature of the witness, the legal status and the type of rights of the witness, strengthen the supervision of the investigation right, establish the relief system of the witness's right, and put the rights of the witness into practice.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

【参考文献】