试论我国民事审判监督程序的启动主体

发布时间：2018-05-03 20:42

本文选题：审判监督 + 启动主体　；参考：《中国政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：民事审判监督程序作为我国民事诉讼程序中的非常态救济程序,在纠正错误民事判决、捍卫司法公正及维护当事人正当权益等方面发挥着重要作用,而民事审判监督程序的启动是对已生效裁判进行再次审判的必经和必要步骤,其对民事审判监督程序甚至是整个民事诉讼体制的重要性自是不言而喻的。我国由人民法院、人民检察院和当事人作为主体启动民事审判监督程序的司法实践已有多年,但其问存在的问题仍然很多,这些问题的存在严重阻碍了我国民事审判监督程序应有作用的发挥。本文试通过实证研究与理论分析相结合的方法,对我国目前启动民事审判监督程序的三大启动主体在理论构建和司法实践中存在的问题进行分析,从而提出对我国民事审判监督程序启动主体制度的完善之策。本文共分为三章：第一章为民事审判监督程序概述,本章主要从民事审判监督程序的整体性分析入手,全方位的呈现民事审判监督程序启动主体制度的纵深背景,从而为后文分析奠定基础。其中,第一部分是对民事审判监督程序的概念予以明¨析,主张在民事审判监督程序的定义中顺应我国的司法实践,赋予启动程序与审判程序并重的地位。第二部分为我国民事审判监督程序在民事诉讼体系中的性质分析,通过我国现行制度与域外相应制度的简单对比,明确我国民事审判监督程序的应然性质为私权。第三部分为民事审判监督程序启动主体概述,主要从历史角度以及比较法角度对民事审判监督程序的启动主体制度进行简要介绍。第二章为我国民事审判监督程序启动主体制度存在的问题,本章主要从实务与理论的角度对三大启动主体存在的问题进行具体分析。其中,第一部分从四个方面分析了人民法院启动主体存在的问题,即制度构建基础不合理、破坏民事诉讼系统中各主体的角色定位、启动自由裁量空间大、实践中的功能异化。第二部分从三个方面分析了人民检察院主体存在的问题,即理论基础滞后、案件发现程序缺乏、检察院抗诉中的具体实施问题。第三部分从三个方面分析了当事人启动主体存在的问题,即理论定位与实践地位不相符、司法体系内外制度并行、案外人救济程序混用。第三章为我国民事审判监督程序启动主体制度的完善之策,本章以第一章的背景分析为基础,针对第二章中分析的问题提出了完善我国民事审判监督程序启动主体制度的对策。其中,第一部分从三方面提出了启动主体制度理论层面的完善之策,即以“理性人假设”为构建前提,以“有限救济,程序正义”为构建理念,以既判力主观范围为其应然启动主体。第二部分从三方而提出了启动主体制度层面的完善之策,即建立多层次审级制度、建立以当事人为唯一启动主体的再审之诉、公权力复位。第三部分从三方面提出了启动主体制度配套保障层面的完善之策,即观念上逐步转变民事诉讼当事人申诉信访的理念、制度上建立健全社会保障体系、技术上建立全国案件信息联网系统。
[Abstract]:The civil trial supervision procedure, as the state relief procedure in the civil procedure of our country, plays an important role in correcting the wrong civil judgment, defending the judicial justice and maintaining the legitimate rights and interests of the parties, and the starting of the civil trial supervision procedure is the necessary and necessary step for the retrial of the effective referee, and it is to the people. It is self-evident that the importance of the procedure of trial supervision and even the whole civil litigation system is self-evident. The judicial practice of starting the civil trial supervision procedure by the people's court, the people's Procuratorate and the parties as the main body has been for many years, but there are still a lot of problems in its question, and the existence of these problems has seriously hindered the civil trial of our country. Through the combination of empirical and theoretical analysis, this paper tries to analyze the problems existing in the theoretical construction and judicial practice of the three main starting subjects of civil trial supervision in China, and then puts forward the improvement of the main system of starting the civil trial supervision procedure in China. This paper is divided into three chapters.
The first chapter is an overview of the civil trial supervision procedure. This chapter, starting with the overall analysis of the civil trial supervision procedure, presents a thorough background of the civil trial supervision procedure starting the main body system, thus laying the foundation for the later analysis. The definition of the civil trial supervision procedure conforms to the judicial practice of our country and gives the position of the starting procedure and the trial procedure equal. The second part is the analysis of the nature of the civil trial supervision procedure in the civil litigation system, and through the comparison between the current system of our country and the relevant system in the foreign countries, the procedure of the civil trial supervision in our country is clearly defined. The third part is the summary of the main body of the civil trial supervision procedure, which is mainly from the historical point of view and the comparative law.
The second chapter is the problem of the starting subject system of the civil trial supervision procedure of our country. This chapter mainly analyzes the problems of the three major starting subjects from the perspective of practice and theory. The first part analyses the problems existing in the starting subjects of the people's court from four aspects, that is, the foundation of the system construction is unreasonable and the civil lawsuit is destroyed. In the second part, the second part analyses the problems of the main body of the people's Procuratorate from three aspects, namely, the lag of the theoretical foundation, the lack of the case discovery procedure and the specific implementation problems in the Procuratorate's protest. The third part analyses the parties' initiation from three aspects. The problem of the main body is that the theoretical orientation is not consistent with the practical status, the system inside and outside the judicial system is parallel, and the relief procedure of the outsiders is mixed.
The third chapter is the perfect policy of starting the subject system of the civil trial supervision procedure of our country. This chapter, based on the background analysis of the first chapter, puts forward the countermeasures to improve the system of starting the main body of the civil trial supervision procedure in the second chapter, in which the first part puts forward the theoretical level of the starting body system from three aspects. The perfect policy is to take the "rational person hypothesis" as the premise, with "limited relief, procedural justice" as the construction idea and the subjective scope of the res judicata as its main body. The second part, from the three party, puts forward the perfect policy of starting the main body system level, that is, the establishment of the multi-layer trial level system and the establishment of the party as the only starting body. The third part puts forward the perfect policy for the supporting level of the starting body system from three aspects, that is, the concept of the civil litigation parties' petition letters and visits gradually change, the system is established and the social security system is established in the system, and the national information network system of cases is established on the technical basis.

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.1

【参考文献】