行政隐蔽调查的法律空间

发布时间：2018-05-08 18:07

本文选题：法治 + 行政调查　；参考：《上海交通大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：行政隐蔽调查是行政调查的一种特殊形态。这种调查方式与社会主体的权利保障、程序法治的理念以及行政公开原则之间都存在着冲突。为此，行政隐蔽调查应当在特定的法律空间内实施：在实施范围上，行政隐蔽调查根据所在的领域而不同。在公领域中，行政隐蔽调查受到的限制较少，但仍应避免过度适用。在私领域中，行政隐蔽调查在公开调查无法实现调查目的的领域内适用。同时，该领域内存在重大的公共利益。被调查人进入该领域也应当可以预期到隐蔽调查的可能。在措施选择上，根据现行宪法和法律的规定，行政隐蔽调查可以采取的措施有直接观察、乔装调查、从其他国家机关处获取、向第三方社会主体调取、通过行政举报获取等。在实施过程上，行政机关实施时应当享有行政职权，，排除不相关的考虑，具备相当可能的理由，并手段上注意合比例性。行政隐蔽调查的启动程序以行政机关的内部控制为主要方式，以决定级别的提高和政府法制部门的介入作为辅助设计。行政隐蔽调查后续程序采取调审分离的方式，并通过审理程序缓解隐蔽措施与程序法治之间的矛盾。在调查结果的使用上，行政隐蔽调查所获取的证据材料需要经过证据资格的审查，而且不能单独作为认定事实的依据。信息涉及到正在进行的调查、措施的细节、个人信息，不予公开。在对是否公开发生争议的时候，法院作为第三方介入审查。信息的公开方式视信息性质而定。被调查人应当享有信息的获取权、告知权、查询权的权利以及个人信息的修改、删除权。行政机关也应当重视信息的日常管理。在司法救济上，当事人通过行政程序、政府信息公开以及法院证据调取权获悉信息以准备诉讼。法院在起诉条件上也要放宽。只要可能涉密，法院就应当不公开审理案件，并对是否涉密做出判断。法院将包含在最终具体行政行为之中的行政隐蔽调查和单独的行政隐蔽调查两种情形分别处理。上述讨论构建了行政隐蔽调查的基本框架，缓解了行政隐蔽调查与法治要求之间的紧张关系，也为该制度的进一步讨论提供了启迪。
[Abstract]:Administrative covert investigation is a special form of administrative investigation. There are conflicts between this investigation method and the right protection of social subjects, the concept of procedural rule of law and the principle of administrative openness. To this end, administrative covert investigations should be carried out in a specific legal space: In the scope of implementation, administrative covert investigation varies according to the field. In the public domain, the administrative covert investigation is limited, but it should be avoided. In the private field, the administrative covert investigation is applied in the field where the open investigation cannot achieve the purpose of the investigation. At the same time, there is a significant public interest in this area. The subject should also be able to anticipate the possibility of a covert investigation into the field. In the choice of measures, according to the current constitution and the provisions of the law, administrative hidden investigation can be taken measures such as direct observation, disguised investigation, obtained from other state organs, to third party social subjects, through administrative reports, etc. In the process of implementation, administrative organs should enjoy administrative powers and powers, exclude irrelevant considerations, have quite possible reasons, and pay attention to proportionality by means. The procedure of initiation of administrative covert investigation takes the internal control of administrative organ as the main way, and takes the improvement of decision level and the intervention of government legal department as the auxiliary design. The administrative covert investigation follow-up procedure adopts the way of investigating and examining separately, and relieves the contradiction between the hidden measures and the procedural rule of law through the trial procedure. In the use of the investigation results, the evidence materials obtained by the administrative covert investigation need to be examined by the evidentiary qualification, and can not be used as the basis for determining the facts. Information related to ongoing investigations, details of measures, and personal information are not made public. In the event of a public dispute, the court intervened as a third party. The manner in which information is disclosed depends on the nature of the information. The person under investigation shall enjoy the right of obtaining information, the right to inform, the right to inquire, and the right to modify and delete personal information. Administrative organs should also attach importance to the daily management of information. In the aspect of judicial relief, the parties concerned prepare for litigation through administrative procedure, public government information and the right to obtain evidence from the court. The court should also relax the conditions for prosecution. Whenever possible, the court should hear the case in private and judge whether it is confidential. The court will deal with the administrative covert investigation and the separate administrative covert investigation respectively. The above discussion constructs the basic framework of the administrative covert investigation, lessens the tense relationship between the administrative covert investigation and the requirement of the rule of law, and provides inspiration for the further discussion of the system.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

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