死因调查制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-08 23:41

本文选题：死因 + 死因裁判　；参考：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国司法实践中,凡是涉及死亡案件中死因认定的案件大都会引起公众的广泛关注。从历时41个月历经五次尸检的“黄静案”到羁押场所令人匪夷所思的“躲猫猫死”、“喝水死”、“做梦死”再到因死因不明成为社会舆论焦点的“雷洋案”,国家权力机关经过调查后得出的结论都引发了社会的激烈争论与质疑。虽然2012年修改后的刑事诉讼法为解决死因调查争议做出引入专家辅助制度、加强鉴定人出庭等良好的制度设计,但如果公安机关做出案件系正常死亡的结论,刑事诉讼未能启动,那么这些制度将无任何适用的余地,制度设计变得毫无价值。侦查机关在我国现行的死因调查程序中占据绝对的主导地位,使得死因调查制度成为刑事诉讼的附属。我国目前并不存在一套独立、完整的死因调查制度体系,法律规定较为分散,外加模糊的调查范围、单一的调查手段和封闭的调查过程,共同导致了逻辑上的悖论和结构上的失衡,使得所得出的死因结论往往备受质疑,司法公信力大打折扣。因而,我国现有的死因调查程序亟待革新。通过分析各国通行且具有代表性的死因调查制度可知,死因裁判制度具有独立性强、程序公正、社会参与度高、司法公信力强的优点。但死因裁判制度是在英美法系的背景下日趋完善的死因调查制度,并不符合我国职权主义的特点,完全引进死因裁判制度不能发挥死因调查应有的作用。因此,我国可借鉴死因裁判制度的独立式模式的构建原理并结合自身司法体制特点,建立死因调查制度体系,完善调查程序,使死因调查结论更加具有公信力。文章第一部分通过案例引出死因调查制度,介绍我国死因调查程序的现状,通过缺陷分析对我国现存的死因调查程序进行反思,并明确建立死因调查制度体系的必要性。第二部分是在比较法视野下通过对现存的死因调查制度进行分析,并进一步分析死因裁判制度、法医鉴定人制度和法医研究所制度的优劣。第三部分为我国死因调查制度体系的构建。包括死因调查机关的构建及性质定位、死因调查机关的结构组成、运行方式以及对于死因调查机关的权力制约与利害关系人的救济等方面。
[Abstract]:In the judicial practice of our country, most cases involving the cause of death in the case of death will cause widespread public concern. From the "Huang Jing case", which took 41 months to undergo five autopsies, to the bizarre "hide and seek cat death", "drinking water death", "dreaming death" in custody, to the Lei Yang case, which has become the focus of public opinion because of the unknown cause of death. The conclusions drawn by the state authorities after investigation have aroused fierce debate and doubt in the society. Although the revised Criminal procedure Law of 2012 introduced an expert assistant system to resolve the dispute over the cause of death and strengthened the good design of the system, such as the appearance of experts in court, but if the public security organs come to the conclusion that the case is a normal death, If criminal proceedings are not initiated, these systems will have no room for application and their design will be of no value. The investigation organ occupies the absolute dominant position in the current coroner's investigation procedure in our country, making the coroner's investigation system become the subsidiary of the criminal procedure. At present, there is no independent and complete system of death investigation in our country. The legal provisions are relatively scattered, and the scope of the investigation is vague, the single investigation means and the closed investigation process. Together, it leads to logical paradox and structural imbalance, which makes the conclusion of death often questioned, and the judicial credibility is greatly compromised. Therefore, the existing cause of death investigation procedures in China need to be reformed. Through the analysis of the popular and representative death investigation system in various countries, we can see that the coroner system has the advantages of strong independence, fair procedure, high social participation and strong judicial credibility. However, the coroner's system is an increasingly perfect system under the background of Anglo-American legal system, which does not accord with the characteristics of our country's functions and powers, and the full introduction of the coroner's system can not play its due role in the investigation of the cause of death. Therefore, our country can draw lessons from the construction principle of the independent mode of the death judgment system and combine the characteristics of its own judicial system, establish the system of the death cause investigation system, perfect the investigation procedure, and make the conclusion of the cause of death investigation more credible. The first part of the article introduces the system of cause of death investigation through cases, introduces the current situation of death investigation procedure in China, reflects on the existing cause of death investigation procedure through defect analysis, and clarifies the necessity of establishing a system of death investigation system. The second part is to analyze the existing death investigation system in the perspective of comparative law, and further analyze the merits and demerits of the coroner system, forensic expert system and forensic research institute system. The third part is the construction of death investigation system in China. It includes the construction and the nature orientation of the coroner's investigation organ, the structure composition, the operation mode, the power restriction of the coroner's organ and the relief of the interested person, etc.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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