论侦查阶段刑事错案控制

发布时间：2018-05-11 23:24

本文选题：刑事错案 + 预审　；参考：《中央民族大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑事错案屡禁不止,既极大损害司法的公信力,又阻碍民众树立司法公正的信仰。而我国的刑事错案多肇始于侦查阶段,因此,本文拟就侦查阶段刑事错案的形成原因作出分析,并提出对应的控制建议。本文整体共分为三个部分:本文第一部分主要是界定刑事错案的定义并确定侦查阶段刑事错案的具体范围。基于错案的学理争论及刑事错案的认定标准,笔者将刑事错案简单认定为刑事司法机关错误认定事实、适用法律或者严重违反法定程序并且因该司法活动导致当事人的不利益并由后续司法环节予以形式意义上否定的案件,并对刑事错案依据不同标准进行若干分类,在这个基础上得出结论,侦查阶段刑事错案应该包括两个部分,单一侦查环节刑事错案和错误肇始于侦查环节且为后续环节不断重复该错误的刑事错案。第二部分主要就侦查阶段刑事错案发生的制度原因进行分析。根据第一部分的结论,笔者将公安侦查系统作为分析主体,先从内部层面了解导致刑事错案发生的制度因素,包括预审制度监督功能消退、内部监督体系流于形式、绩效考评制度不科学及侦查人员培训制度不成熟等;继而就外部层面也就是刑事诉讼立法角度分析,认为主要是以下制度问题导致的,分别包括侦查行为规定不完善、实务中形成"由人到案"的侦查模式、辩护制度弱效化、检察监督缺乏刚性等要素。第三部分为本文的核心内容,笔者在该部分尝试建立侦查阶段刑事错案的控制机制,首先我国应该在立法和实务中确定"完全的"无罪推定原则和强制侦查法定原则;其次,在上述原则的指导下,就刑事错案控制机制的微观层面分析,笔者认为应从完善预审制度、建立科学合理的绩效考评制度、偏重法律素养培训三个方面着手;最后,笔者从建立刑事错案控制路径的宏观层面考虑,着眼于我国的刑事诉讼构造,拟对公、检、法三者的关系作出一定调整,提出建立侦查阶段司法审查制度、保障侦查期间辩护实效化和强化检察监督等建议。期待控制机制内外共同发挥作用,推进审判中心主义改革,从制度上尽最大可能控制刑事错案的发生。
[Abstract]:Criminal malpractice is not only harmful to the credibility of the judiciary, but also hinders the people to establish the belief of judicial justice. However, the criminal error cases in our country start from the investigation stage. Therefore, this paper analyzes the reasons for the formation of the criminal wrong cases in the investigation stage, and puts forward the corresponding control suggestions. This paper is divided into three parts as a whole: the first part is to define the definition of criminal error and determine the specific scope of criminal error in the investigation stage. On the basis of the theoretical argument and the standard of the identification of the wrong criminal case, the author simply regards the wrong case as the fact that the criminal justice organ has wrongly identified the case. Cases in which the law is applied or the legal procedure is seriously violated and the parties' interests are not benefited as a result of the judicial activities and are formally denied in the form of subsequent judicial links, and the criminal error cases are classified according to different standards, On this basis, it is concluded that the criminal wrong case in the investigation stage should include two parts. The single criminal wrong case and the wrong criminal error start from the investigation link and repeat the wrong criminal case continuously for the follow-up link. The second part mainly analyzes the system reasons of criminal error in investigation stage. According to the conclusion of the first part, the author regards the public security investigation system as the main body of analysis, first of all, from the internal level to understand the system factors that lead to the occurrence of criminal error, including the extinction of the supervisory function of the pre-trial system, the internal supervision system is a mere formality. The system of performance evaluation is not scientific and the training system of investigators is not mature and so on. Then, from the external level, that is, the angle of criminal procedure legislation, the author thinks that it is mainly caused by the following system problems, including the imperfect regulation of investigation behavior, respectively. In practice, the investigation mode of "from person to case" is formed, the defense system is weak and the procuratorial supervision lacks rigidity and so on. The third part is the core content of this paper. In this part, the author tries to establish the control mechanism of criminal error in the investigation stage. Firstly, China should establish the principle of "complete" presumption of innocence and the statutory principle of compulsory investigation in legislation and practice; secondly, Under the guidance of the above principles, on the micro level analysis of the criminal error control mechanism, the author thinks that we should start from three aspects: perfecting the preliminary hearing system, establishing a scientific and reasonable performance appraisal system, and emphasizing on the training of legal literacy. The author considers from the macroscopic aspect of establishing the control path of the criminal wrong case, focuses on the criminal procedure structure of our country, intends to adjust the relationship among the public, the procurator and the law, and puts forward the establishment of the judicial review system in the investigation stage. To ensure the effectiveness of defense during the investigation and strengthen procuratorial supervision and other recommendations. The author expects the control mechanism to play a joint role, to promote the reform of judicial centralism, and to control the occurrence of criminal misdeeds as far as possible in the system.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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