我国刑事和解制度的理解与适用

发布时间：2018-05-14 11:29

本文选题：刑事司法制度 + 刑事和解　；参考：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着经济和法律全球化的影响,特别是在科学发展观的理论指导之下,刑事和解制度逐步进入了我国法学理论工作者和司法实务部门的视野。2012年3月14日,第十一届全国人大五次会议通过了《关于修改中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法的决定》,修改后的《刑事诉讼法》于2013年1月1日生效实施,“新刑诉”专章增加了当事人和解的公诉案件诉讼程序,为刑事和解制度正名。刑事和解通常是指,在刑事诉讼过程中,基于当事人双方自愿的前提,通过调停人或其他组织使被害人与加害人直接面对面进行沟通,共同协商,以认罪、赔偿、道歉等方式致双方互相谅解,协商一致达成民事赔偿和解协议后,司法机关根据案件的具体情况作出有利于加害人的刑事责任处置(从轻、减轻刑事责任或者不再追究刑事责任)的诉讼活动,具体包括经济赔偿和解和刑事责任处置两个程序过程,最终使被破坏的社会关系得以恢复。刑事和解制度是西方三十多年来刑事司法领域一项大胆的改革尝试,它一改传统刑事司法中以国家为本位,强调由国家对犯罪人行使刑罚权来对其进行惩罚矫正的刑事司法理论,主张对受害人和加害人权利的关注,它为刑事司法的理论研究和实践探索注入了一种全新的理念。和解这一刑事司法制度在我国历史悠久,源远流长。自古以来,我国传统的法律文化中就始终主张着“德主刑辅”、“明刑弼教”的精神,人们一直向往的都是和谐安康的社会局面,以伦理纲常为主导、以道德的力量进行维系,而不是借用诉讼的方式来解决争端。我国社会历来便是人情社会,道德伦理在处理社会关系中的作用不容小觑,因此,在刑事司法程序中,作为法律与道德二者结合的产物,刑事和解制度的出现和发展大大节约了司法成本,从情和理的角度出发化解社会矛盾,从而有效避免了公权力在解决刑事纠纷问题中存在的不足。基于构建社会主义和谐社会的需要,在我国建立完整的刑事和解制度就显得格外必要,并且也具有相当的可行性。一项司法制度,必然以符合基本原则为其最为根本的出发点,刑事和解制度当然也不例外。刑事和解制度之于刑法基本原则,虽然表面上看来似有相违之初,但究其实质,并没有背离这些最基础的准则。我国的刑事和解制度正朝着日益完整充实的方向发展与完善,就像任何一枚硬币都有正反两面一样,任何一项制度都不可能是完美的,总是免不了会存在缺陷与不足,对于刑事和解,虽然学界将其称为司法制度改革创新之举,但是其仍然存在一些尚未克服的弊端,亟需加以完善。时代在不断发展,社会在向前进步,法治理念也在相应地发生着变革。刑事和解制度有着丰富的内涵和独特的价值追求,以保障被害人利益、补偿其所受损失为核心,并尽可能为加害人创造改过自新的机会,对其刑事责任作宽大处理,最终使其顺利复归社会。正是建立了这种以人为本、追求和谐的司法制度,我国的司法改革才能顺应时代的要求,才能让百姓对社会主义法治建设充满信心。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the influence of the globalization of economy and law, especially under the guidance of the theory of Scientific Outlook on Development, the criminal reconciliation system has gradually entered the view of the legal theorists and judicial practice departments of China in March 14th.2012, the five session of the Eleventh National People's Congress passed the amendment to the criminal proceedings in People's Republic of China. The decision of the law, the revised "Criminal Procedure Law >" entered into force in January 1, 2013, and the "new criminal suit" chapter adds a lawsuit procedure of a public prosecution case of a conciliatory case and a positive name for the system of criminal reconciliation. The criminal reconciliation usually means that in the course of a criminal procedure, based on the premise of the parties' dual voluntariness, a mediator or other organization will be used to make the case be made by the mediator or other organization. If the victim communicates with the injuring person directly and face-to-face, together with the mutual understanding, such as pleading, indemnity, and apology, the judicial organ makes the criminal liability for the injuring person in accordance with the specific circumstances of the case in accordance with the specific circumstances of the case (light, mitigating criminal responsibility or no longer investigating criminal responsibility. " ) the litigation activities, including the two procedural processes of economic compensation settlement and criminal liability disposal, eventually make the damaged social relations restored. The criminal reconciliation system is a bold reform attempt in the field of criminal justice in the West for more than thirty years. It has changed the traditional criminal law to the state and emphasizes the state against the offender. The criminal judicature theory that exercises the right of punishment to rectify its punishment, advocates the attention to the rights of the victims and the injuring people. It has injected a new concept for the theoretical research and practical exploration of criminal justice. The criminal judicial system of reconciliation has a long history and long distance in our country. Since ancient times, the traditional legal culture of our country has taken place. All the time, the spirit of "moral punishment supplementing" and "teaching by sentence", people always yearn for the social situation of harmony and well-being, with ethical guidelines as the dominant, moral strength to maintain, and not to use the way of litigation to solve disputes. Our society has always been a human society and moral ethics in the process of dealing with social relations. Therefore, in the criminal judicial procedure, as the product of the combination of the two parties of law and morality, the emergence and development of the system of criminal reconciliation greatly saves the judicial cost and dissolves social contradictions from the angle of emotion and reason, thus effectively avoiding the shortcomings of public power in solving the problem of criminal disputes. It is very necessary to establish a complete system of criminal reconciliation in our country, and it is also quite feasible to establish a complete criminal reconciliation system in our country. A judicial system is bound to be the most fundamental starting point in conformity with the basic principles. The criminal reconciliation system is certainly no exception. The criminal reconciliation system is on the surface of the criminal law, although it is on the surface. It seems to be contrary to the beginning, but the essence of it does not deviate from the most basic principles. The system of criminal reconciliation in our country is developing and perfecting towards an increasingly complete and full direction. Just as any coin has both positive and negative sides, any system can not be finished, and there will always be defects and shortcomings. The criminal reconciliation, although the academic circle calls it the reform and innovation of the judicial system, still has some abuses that have not been overcome, and it needs to be perfected. The time is developing, the society is advancing, the concept of the rule of law is also changing accordingly. The criminal reconciliation system has a rich connotation and unique value pursuit, in order to guarantee it. The interests of the victims, compensation for the loss as the core, and as far as possible to create a new opportunity for the injuring people to make a broad treatment of their criminal responsibility, and ultimately make them return to the society smoothly. It is the establishment of this kind of people-oriented and harmonious judicial system, the judicial reform of our country can comply with the requirements of the times, can the people to the social owners. The construction of the rule of law is full of confidence.

【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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