刑事涉案财物没收问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 13:27

本文选题：刑事涉案财物 + 没收　；参考：《浙江工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑事涉案财物没收在司法实践中的适用较为混乱。本文从实体和程序角度对刑事涉案财物没收制度进行系统梳理和剖析,提出具体可行建议。在剥夺犯罪人的不法收益、打击犯罪的同时,保护被害人、犯罪人和其他利害关系人的合法权利,实现惩罚犯罪与人权保障兼顾的诉讼价值。文章除导论与结语外,正文共分为四个部分：第一部分主要探讨刑事涉案财物没收制度的界定问题。本制度是指人民法院依据刑法规定对与犯罪密切相关的涉案财物强制收归国有的实体处分。这一概念比以前的概念强调了人民法院对没收的最终处分权。第二部分是对刑事涉案财物没收制度的实体问题的厘清。首先,文章对《刑法》第64条中的四个概念进行了界定与区分。追缴是一种针对原物仍然存在的违法所得财物的程序性措施。责令退赔是针对违法所得财物已经无法追缴或追缴不能的补充性程序措施。返还和没收是针对涉案财物的两种实体性处分行为。本部分强调了追缴和责令退赔是两种暂时性、程序性的措施。其次,文章对没收的对象范围进行了具体界定。违法所得的范围应当包括犯罪产生之物、犯罪取得之物、作为犯罪报酬取得之物；违禁品是指物品本身对于公共安全或公共秩序具有危险性的物品。供犯罪所用的本人财物应当仅限于故意犯罪,并且必须直接、专门用于犯罪,在认定上不受犯罪阶段的影响。再次,在适用没收制度时应当坚持比例原则。即使确实用于犯罪的本人财物,如果不符合比例原则的,也不应当没收。第三部分研究了经刑事定罪的涉案财物没收程序。文章强调在采取查封、扣押等强制措施和确定具体的查封、扣押财物范围时,都应当坚持比例原则。在对刑事涉案财物采取强制措施以及作出没收决定时都应由法院进行裁决。建立这种司法审查机制在目前可能存在一定的障碍,但它应当成为我国司法改革的方向。第四部分探讨了未经刑事定罪的涉案财物没收程序。由于该程序是新增设的,因此主要讨论具体适用中应当注意的问题。
[Abstract]:The application of confiscation of property involved in criminal cases is confused in judicial practice. This paper systematically combs and analyzes the system of confiscation of property involved in criminal cases from the angle of entity and procedure, and puts forward some concrete and feasible suggestions. While depriving the criminal of the illegal proceeds and cracking down on the crime, we should protect the legal rights of the victim, the offender and other interested parties, and realize the procedural value of taking into account the punishment of the crime and the guarantee of human rights. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the text is divided into four parts: The first part mainly discusses the definition of criminal property confiscation system. This system refers to the people's court in accordance with the provisions of the criminal law, closely related to the crime involved property forced to be nationalized entities. This concept emphasizes the people's court's right to the final disposition of confiscation. The second part is to clarify the substantive issues of the system of confiscation of property involved in criminal cases. First of all, the article defines and distinguishes the four concepts in Article 64 of Criminal Law. Recovery is a procedural measure aimed at the illegal property which still exists in the original. Ordering restitution is a supplementary procedural measure that can no longer be recovered or recovered. Return and confiscation are two kinds of substantive disposition against the property involved in the case. This part emphasizes that recovery and refunds are two temporary and procedural measures. Secondly, the article has carried on the concrete definition to the confiscation object scope. The scope of the illegal proceeds should include the things produced by the crime, the objects obtained by the crime, and the goods obtained as the reward for the crime; contraband goods refer to the goods which are dangerous to the public safety or public order. The personal property used for the crime shall be limited to the intentional crime and must be directly and exclusively used in the crime and shall not be affected by the stage of the crime. Thirdly, the principle of proportionality should be adhered to when applying the confiscation system. Even if the personal property actually used in the crime is not in accordance with the principle of proportionality, it shall not be confiscated. The third part studies the procedure of confiscation of property involved in criminal conviction. The paper emphasizes that the principle of proportion should be adhered to when taking compulsory measures such as seizure and determining the scope of specific seizure and seizure of property. Enforcement measures and confiscation decisions in criminal cases should be decided by the court. The establishment of this judicial review mechanism may have some obstacles at present, but it should be the direction of judicial reform in our country. The fourth part discusses the procedure of property confiscation without criminal conviction. As this procedure is new, it mainly discusses the problems that should be paid attention to in its application.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2;D924.1

【参考文献】