试论民事执行被执行人的追加与变更

发布时间：2018-05-24 16:48

本文选题：被执行人 + 异议权　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在民事执行程序中，当负有履行给付义务的被执行人履行不能时，追加与变更与被执行人有关联性的第三人为被执行人是执行机构常常采取的执行措施。追加与变更被执行人可以缓解“执行难”，提高执行效率，节约诉讼成本，提高执行案件的执结率。然而，由于追加与变更的被执行人没有参与到案件的审理当中就被处分了实体权益，因此，追加与变更的被执行人向法院提出执行异议、复议乃至信访，也是在执行工作实践中经常遇到的问题。随着社会进步，人民群众的维权意识、法律意识不断增强，我国现行民事诉讼法及其司法解释对追加与变更被执行人的列举式规定已远远不能适应司法实践的需要。追加与变更被执行人的法律规定过于原则化、操作程序的缺失、连续追加等问题，使得各地法院追加与变更被执行人时在认识上和操作上存在着差异，这种差异导致同一地区的不同法院在相同案情的情况下，出现了追加与变更不同的第三人为被执行人的情形。如何保护追加与变更的被执行人的合法权益，我国2007年修改的民事诉讼法赋予了执行当事人针对执行行为的救济权利，即异议与复议权，追加与变更的被执行人作为执行程序中后加入的执行当事人，针对执行法院作出的追加与变更行为有提出执行异议和复议的权利。由于执行异议、复议是执行程序中的审查程序，故2007年修改的民事诉讼法只从程序上为追加与变更的被执行人提供了权利救济。我国2012年新修改的民事诉讼法规定案外第三人对已发生法律效力的判决、裁定、调解书可以提起民事诉讼，追加与变更的被执行人作为案外的第三人也应享有提起诉讼的权利，此即追加与变更的被执行人实体上的权利救济途径。在司法实践中，由于民事诉讼法未对追加与变更被执行人的权利救济作出统一明确的规定，导致涉执信访案件的攀升。如何从源头上规范追加与变更被执行人制度，以程序公正达到实体的公正，是理论界和实践界共同探讨的问题。本文从追加与变更被执行人的概念、法理基础入手，列举了我国现行关于追加与变更被执行人及其权利救济的法律、法规，并结合工作实践，通过案例分析的形式，就司法实践中追加与变更被执行人存在的现实问题展开深入剖析，提出完善我国追加与变更被执行人制度的相应建议，以期减少涉执信访案件的发生，维护司法权威。
[Abstract]:In the civil execution procedure, when the executor is not able to perform the obligation to fulfill the obligation, the third person who is involved with the change and the executor is the executive measure often adopted by the executive agency. The addition and change of the executor can alleviate the "difficulty of execution", improve the efficiency of execution, save the cost of litigation and raise the execution. However, as the appended and changed executors are not involved in the trial of the case, they are displaced from the substantive rights and interests of the case. Therefore, the appended and altered executors put forward the objection, reconsideration and even petition to the court, which are often encountered in the implementation of the work practice. The current civil procedure law and its judicial interpretation of our country are far from the need of the judicial practice. The legal provisions of the addition and alteration of the executor are too principled, the lack of operating procedures and continuous addition, which make the courts all over the court chased. There are differences in cognition and operation between the addition and change of the executor. This difference leads to the situation of the third people who have been added and changed in the same case in the same area. How to protect the lawful rights and interests of the executor who have been added and changed, the civil action amended in 2007 in China The law gives the litigant the right of relief for the execution of the execution, that is, the right of objection and reconsideration, and the executor added and changed as the executive party after the execution procedure, and has the right to execute the objection and reconsideration for the execution of the additional and altered acts made by the Executive court. As a result of the procedure, the civil procedure law amended in 2007 only provides the rights relief for the executor who has been added and changed. In 2012, the newly amended civil procedure law of China stipulates that third persons in the case of legal effect have been legally effective, and that the conciliation statement may bring civil action, and the appended and altered executor will be the part of the case. The three people should also enjoy the right to bring a lawsuit, which is the right relief approach to the entity of the appended and altered persons. In the judicial practice, the civil procedure law does not make a unified and clear provision on the rights relief of the appended and alteration of the executor, which leads to the rise of the cases of the petition. The executive person system, in order to achieve justice by procedural justice, is a common problem between the theoretical and practical circles. This article, starting with the concept and legal basis of the addition and alteration of the executor, enumerates the current laws and regulations on the addition and modification of the executor and its rights relief, and combines the work practice, and through the case analysis. In order to reduce the occurrence of the cases involving the petition and the authority of the judiciary, the author makes a thorough analysis of the actual problems existing in the judicial practice of adding and changing the executor, and puts forward the corresponding suggestions to improve the system of adding and changing the executor in our country.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.1

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