论民事抗诉制度构造与功能的嬗变

发布时间：2018-05-25 03:20

本文选题：民事抗诉 + 法律监督　；参考：《浙江社会科学》2017年05期

【摘要】：目前学界还很少关注到民事抗诉制度的构造与功能及其嬗变问题。民事抗诉制度构造是指其历时展开的不同程序阶段的构成。1991年民事诉讼法框架下民事抗诉制度属于"两阶构造",即"抗诉程序-抗诉案再审程序"。而经过2007年和2012年两次立法修改,2012年民事诉讼法框架下民事抗诉制度属于"五阶构造",即"申请程序-立案受理程序-抗诉事由审查程序-抗诉程序-抗诉案再审程序"。按照民事诉讼目的理论,民事抗诉制度功能存在"维护国家法制"和"权利救济"之界分,在"维护国家法制"之公共目的下,民事抗诉程序应该是依职权启动,且抗诉监督指向的对象是"违法裁判";而在"权利救济"之私人目的下,民事抗诉程序应该是依申请启动,且抗诉监督指向的对象是"错误裁判"。按照这一功能界分原理,"1991年两阶构造"下民事抗诉制度的功能是"维护国家法制",而"2012年五阶构造"下民事抗诉制度的功能则已嬗变为"权利救济"。认识民事抗诉制度构造与功能的嬗变,对于深入探讨民事抗诉制度的合理性等问题有着重要意义。
[Abstract]:At present, little attention has been paid to the structure, function and evolution of civil protest system. The construction of civil protest system refers to the composition of different procedural stages which lasted for a long time. The civil protest system belongs to "two-order structure" under the framework of civil procedure law in 1991, that is, "protest procedure-retrial procedure of protest case". After two legislative amendments in 2007 and 2012, the civil protest system under the framework of the Civil procedure Law in 2012 belongs to the "Fifth order structure", that is, "Application procedure-case acceptance procedure-cause Review procedure-protest case retrial procedure". According to the theory of the purpose of civil action, the function of civil protest system has the boundary of "safeguarding the national legal system" and "right relief". Under the public purpose of "maintaining the national legal system", the civil protest procedure should be initiated ex officio. The object of protest supervision is "illegal judgment", and under the private purpose of "right relief", civil protest procedure should be initiated according to application, and the object of protest supervision is "wrong judgment". According to the principle of functional division, the function of civil protest system under "1991 two-order construction" is to "maintain the national legal system", while the function of civil protest system under "fifth order structure" in 2012 has evolved into "right relief". It is of great significance to understand the evolution of the structure and function of civil protest system in order to probe into the rationality of civil protest system.
【作者单位】：浙江省社会科学院法学研究所;
【分类号】：D925.1

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