检察官作用之比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 04:00

本文选题：公诉检察官 + 刑事侦查　；参考：《中国刑事法杂志》2013年12期

【摘要】：公诉检察官,决定着犯罪嫌疑人的命运,创制或影响着刑事政策,对刑事司法体制的运行影响甚巨。审前侦查一般依法由检察官组织实施,但主动权实际上通常由警察掌握,侦查权往警察方向的有限转移可以成为发展方向,检察官则可以继续行使监督权。被塑造出来的检察官形象,都是神话而非真实。检察官实际上既不是一个偏袒者也不是一个超然的法守护者,其已成为"法官之前的法官",我们应当认可这个现实,并赋予其与法官平等的法律地位。但个体检察官的独立、不受监督似乎并不可取。目前,检察官对其决定所需负的个人责任,与其角色的重要性也不相称。全国或者州际的检察系统,可以由一个独立的、由议会选举产生且直接对该议会负责的检察总长领导,并由其对总体和个案检察决策最终负责。赋予检察总长类法官的独立性不应当成为削减辩护权的借口,对检察总长免职条件的规定应当保证其可控又能独立行使职权。
[Abstract]:Public prosecutor decides the fate of criminal suspect, creates or influences criminal policy, and has a great influence on the operation of criminal justice system. The pretrial investigation is generally carried out by the prosecutor according to law, but the initiative is usually controlled by the police. The limited transfer of the investigation power to the police can become the direction of development, and the procurator can continue to exercise the supervisory power. The images of prosecutors created are myths rather than truth. In fact, the prosecutor is neither a favouritism nor a detached guardian of the law, and he has become a "judge before the judge". We should recognize this reality and give him the legal status on an equal footing with the judge. But the independence of individual prosecutors, unsupervised, does not seem desirable. At present, the prosecutor's personal responsibility for his decision is not commensurate with the importance of his role. A national or interstate prosecutorial system may be headed by an independent Attorney-General elected by Parliament who is directly accountable to that Assembly and ultimately responsible for overall and individual prosecutorial decisions. The independence of the judges should not be used as an excuse to reduce the right to defense, and the provisions on the conditions of removal of the procurator should ensure that he can exercise his powers independently and controllable.
【作者单位】：德国科隆大学;
【分类号】：D926.3

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