论我国刑事定罪证明标准的问题与完善

发布时间：2018-06-09 05:30

本文选题：刑事证明标准 + 排除合理怀疑　；参考：《中国政法大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑事证明标准一直是我国理论界与实务界关注的重大问题,其中关于定罪的证明标准更是研究的核心。英美法系与大陆法系分别将其刑事定罪证明标准表述为“排除合理怀疑”与“内心确信”,而我国长期以来则一直坚持“案件事实清楚,证据确实、充分”的刑事定罪证明标准,该证明标准在司法实践中存在着诸如理想化、模糊化等问题,不利于法官具体操作,甚至引发了一系列的冤假错案。为了解决该证明标准在实践中出现的种种问题,我国在2012年新修订的《刑事诉讼法》中引入了“排除合理怀疑”作为刑事证明标准的一部分,使我国的刑事证明标准取得了实质性的发展。但是我国司法人员对于主观性证明标准的适用比较陌生,且“排除合理怀疑”的证明标准长期应用于英美法系国家的司法环境中,也不宜将其在国外的适用方法与具体内涵完全移植于我国的刑事司法实践中,所以,对于现行的新刑事证明标准,应当结合我国的理论体系与司法背景进行本土化的理解与适用,与我国原本的“证据确实、充分”证明标准进行相互融合与完善。本文除引言与结论外,共分三章,主要内容如下:第一章,刑事证明标准的基本理论。本章主要对证明标准的概念进行了探讨,认为应当区分证明标准、证明要求与证明目的等术语,对其进行精细化定义。同时,就证明标准的两种主要学说——客观真实说与法律真实说,展开了讨论与比较,明确了证明标准的两种价值基础。本章还阐述了国外两大法系刑事定罪证明标准的发展与内涵,以便为我国刑事定罪证明标准的分析与改进提供一些参考。第二章,我国的刑事定罪证明标准。本章详细阐述了我国原本刑事定罪证明标准的特点与缺陷,如证明标准过于严格导致不易实现,过于强调客观层面的要求,忽略了法官内心的评价等等,揭示了“排除合理怀疑”在我国入法的现实背景。同时,对现行的刑事定罪证明标准进行了详细的探究,分析了我国现行刑事定罪证明标准的价值基础、“排除合理怀疑”在我国现行证明标准中的定位以及“排除合理怀疑”与“证据确实、充分”之间的关系。最后,总结了我国司法实践中对于“疑罪”的处理与裁判,并结合相关法律与具体案例对证明标准进行论述。第三章,刑事定罪证明标准的发展方向。本章着重论述了我国现行刑事定罪证明标准在适用过程中仍然存在具体内涵不清、证明标准粗放、证据规则缺陷等问题,并针对以上问题提出应当明确证明标准内涵、确立证明标准层次性、加强外部保障以及健全证据规则等合理化建议。
[Abstract]:The standard of criminal proof has always been a major concern in the theoretical and practical circles of our country, among which the standard of proof of conviction is the core of the research. The standard of proof of criminal conviction is expressed as "beyond reasonable doubt" and "inner conviction" in Anglo-American law system and civil law system respectively, while our country has been insisting for a long time that "the facts of the case are clear and the evidence is true." The sufficient "standard of proof of criminal conviction", which has problems such as idealization and fuzziness in judicial practice, is not conducive to the concrete operation of the judge, and even leads to a series of unjust and false cases. In order to solve the problems in practice, China introduced "beyond reasonable doubt" as part of the standard of criminal proof in the newly revised Criminal procedure Law in 2012. The standard of criminal proof in our country has made substantial development. However, the application of the subjective standard of proof is unfamiliar to the judicial personnel in our country, and the standard of proof "beyond reasonable doubt" has been applied to the judicial environment of the common law countries for a long time. It is also not appropriate to transplant the applicable methods and specific connotations in foreign countries into the criminal judicial practice of our country, therefore, for the existing new criminal proof standards, We should combine the theoretical system and judicial background of our country with the understanding and application of localization, and merge and perfect with the original proof standard of "evidence is true and sufficient" in our country. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into three chapters, the main contents are as follows: chapter one, the basic theory of the standard of criminal proof. In this chapter, the concept of standard of proof is discussed, and the terms of standard of proof, requirement of proof and purpose of proof should be distinguished and defined in detail. At the same time, this paper discusses and compares the two main theories of the standard of proof, namely, the theory of objective truth and the theory of legal truth, and clarifies the two value bases of the standard of proof. This chapter also expounds the development and connotation of the standard of proof of criminal conviction in two major legal systems of foreign countries, in order to provide some references for the analysis and improvement of the standard of proof of criminal conviction in our country. The second chapter, our country's criminal conviction proof standard. This chapter elaborates in detail the characteristics and defects of the original standard of proof of criminal conviction in China, such as that the standard of proof is too strict to be easily realized, that too much emphasis is placed on the requirements of objective aspects, and that the judge's inner evaluation is ignored, and so on. It reveals the realistic background of "beyond reasonable doubt" in China. At the same time, it makes a detailed research on the current standard of proof of criminal conviction, and analyzes the value foundation of the current standard of proof of criminal conviction in our country. The position of "beyond reasonable doubt" in the current standard of proof in China and the relationship between "eliminating reasonable doubt" and "evidence is true and sufficient". Finally, the author summarizes the handling and adjudication of "suspected crime" in China's judicial practice, and discusses the standard of proof in combination with relevant laws and specific cases. The third chapter, the development direction of the criminal conviction proof standard. This chapter focuses on the existing criminal conviction certification standards in China in the process of application still exist in the specific connotation of unclear, extensive standards of proof, evidence rules defects and other issues, and to the above problems should be clear proof standard connotation, Establish the level of proof standards, strengthen the external protection and improve the rules of evidence and other reasonable suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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