诱供骗供行为的法律规制

发布时间：2018-06-09 15:58

本文选题：诱供骗供 + 侦讯方法　；参考：《山西大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国《刑事诉讼法》一直以来对诱供骗供式取供行为都做出了禁止性规定,1979年《刑事诉讼法》和1996年《刑事诉讼法》皆规定“禁止以刑讯逼供、威胁、引诱、欺骗以及其他非法方法收集证据”,现行《刑事诉讼法》再此基础上做了进一步规定,即“采用刑讯逼供等非法方法收集的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人供述应当予以排除”,然而对以诱供骗供方式获取的证据如何处理却未作出明确的规定,最高院出台的司法解释对刑讯逼供等的“等”字的内容做出了解释,却也并未包含诱供骗供的任何内容,这种模糊式的立法规定使得侦查机关工作人员对诱供骗供行为的风险后果不予以重视,导致实践中出现了很多越界的侦讯手段。诱供骗供式的取证方法与合法的讯问技巧之间界限不清,执法效率和执法公正之间的冲突不断,使得以诱供、骗供方式获得的供述陷入了“立法上禁止,解释中排除,侦讯中常见,审判中漠视,社会中宽容”的尴尬境地。诱供骗供作为侦查阶段的讯问方法,对于突破嫌疑人的口供进而侦破案件具有一定的积极的作用,但是侦查谋略运用不当导致的越界诱供和骗供行为却可能会造成极大的危险。为了降低诱供骗供行为带来的风险,对此类行为进行规制具有极其重要的意义。笔者通过查阅文献资料和研究案例,对诱供骗供行为做了具体分析,将本文分为五个部分进行介绍:第一部分对诱供骗供行为做了概念界定。诱供是使用引诱的手段获取嫌疑人的有罪供述,骗供是使用欺骗的手段诈取嫌疑人的有罪供述,同样作为讯问手段,二者都具有直接性、虚假性、狡诈性和隐秘性的特点。诱供和骗供有不同的表现形式,据此可以划分为不同的类别,笔者以结果和内容的真实性以及引诱的手段为标准,将诱供和骗供行为划分为纯粹的诱供、欺诈式诱供和纯粹的骗供三种行为类型,纯粹的诱供包括真实诱供、威胁式诱供和感情诱供三种,并在此基础上进一步将真实诱供和感情诱供界定为合法的讯问策略,威胁式诱供、欺诈式诱供和纯粹的骗供则属于非法的诱供骗供形式。第二部分对诱供骗供行为在我国的相关立法和司法现状做了具体分析。我国《刑事诉讼法》对诱供骗供行为做了禁止性规定,却没有明确具体的程序处理措施,这种标签式和模糊化的立法规定导致司法实践中操作困难,出现了各种司法乱象。通过对我国的系列冤假错案进行分析,可以看出诱供和骗供是虚假口供的源头问题,在各种因素的共同作用下,虚假口供顺利进入庭审并被采纳,才导致出现了大量不可弥补的错误。第三部分对诱供骗供行为产生的原因做了分析,“口供中心主义”严重扭曲了侦查人员的取证观,进而产生了非法取供行为,不彻底的证据立法使侦查人员的取供行为更为随意,侦查讯问制度不完善进一步增加了侦查人员诱供和骗供的机会,三者共同作用使得诱供和骗供行为在侦查实践中大肆横行。第四部分对诱供骗供行为的危险性展开论述。首先,诱供和骗供行为会产生虚假供述,影响案件的真实性,进而导致一系列冤假错案出现,即案件的真实性风险;其次,欺骗和威胁本是恶性的侦查讯问手段,会产生道德风险;再次,冤假错案还会让司法机关丧失诚信,降低司法公信力,产生法律风险,进而造成社会秩序更加混乱,民众对法律更加不信任,给法治社会的建设带来巨大阻力,产生社会风险。最后,结合并借鉴国外的一些先进做法,对我国的诱供骗供行为提出了一些规制的建议。首先,要从根源上转变侦查人员的诉讼观,将其取证行为引向正确的方向;其次,明确相关法律规定,解决与司法实践相脱节的问题;再次,完善我国的侦查讯问制度,以期减少虚假口供的发生,防止冤假错案,更好地实现我国刑事诉讼法打击犯罪和保障人权的任务。
[Abstract]:The criminal procedure law of China has always made a prohibitive provision on the act of entrenching confession and confession. In 1979, the criminal procedure law and the 1996 criminal procedure law stipulate "the prohibition of extorting confessions by torture, threats, lure, deception and other illegal methods to collect evidence". The current "Criminal Procedure Law" has made further provisions on the basis of the current law of criminal procedure. That is, "the criminal suspects collected by the illegal methods of extorting the confession by torture and other illegal methods should be excluded". However, there is no clear regulation on how to deal with the evidence obtained by the way of confession and confession. The judicial interpretation issued by the Supreme Court has explained the content of the word "and so on" for extorting the confession by torture, but it does not contain a confession. Any content of the fraud, this kind of fuzzy legislative provisions makes the investigators of the investigative organs do not pay attention to the risk consequences of the act of cheating and confession, which leads to the emergence of a lot of interrogation methods in practice. As a result, the confession obtained in the way of confession and fraud has fallen into the embarrassment of "legislative prohibition, exclusion in the interpretation, common detection, indifference in trial, and tolerance in society". In order to reduce the risk of the act of confession and confession, it is of great significance to regulate such behavior. In order to reduce the risk caused by the act of confession and confession, the author makes a specific analysis of the act of confession and confession by consulting literature and research cases, and divides this article into five Part one is introduced: the first part defines the concept of the act of inducing the confession and confession. The confession is to use the means of temptation to obtain the guilty confession of the suspect, and the fraud is to cheat the suspect's confession by means of deception, and also as a means of interrogation, the two have the characteristics of direct, false, cunning and concealment. There are different forms of expression, which can be divided into different categories. The author divides the confession and fraudulent supply behavior into pure confession, fraudulent confession and pure fraud for three types of behavior, with the authenticity of results and content as well as the means of temptation. Pure confession, including real confession, threatening confession and emotional confession, three On this basis, the real and emotional confession is further defined as a legal interrogation strategy, the threat of confession, fraudulent confession and pure fraud are illegal confession forms. The second part makes a specific analysis of the related legislation and judicial present in our country. For the prohibition of the act of confession, there is no specific procedure to deal with. This kind of label type and fuzzy legislative provisions lead to difficult operation in judicial practice and various judicial disturbances. Through the analysis of a series of false false cases in our country, we can see that the source of confession and fraud is the problem of the source of false confession. Under the joint action of the factors, the false confession entered the trial and was adopted, which led to a large number of irreparable mistakes. The third part analyses the reasons for the causes of the confession and confession, and the "confession centralism" seriously distorts the investigator's view of obtaining evidence. The law makes the investigator's behavior more arbitrary, the investigation and interrogation system is not perfect, which further increases the opportunity for the investigators to induce and deceive the supply. The joint effect of the three makes the confession and cheating act wantonly in the investigation practice. The fourth part discusses the danger of the act of confession and confession. First, the act of entrapment and fraud will be produced. False statements, which affect the authenticity of the case, lead to a series of false and false cases, that is, the real risk of the case; secondly, deception and threat are malignant investigation and interrogation means, which will produce moral hazard. Again, injustice and false case will let the judicial organ lose credibility, reduce the judicial credibility, produce legal risk, and then cause social rank. The preface is more chaotic, the people are more distrust of the law, bring great resistance to the construction of the rule of law society and produce social risks. Finally, combining with some advanced foreign practices and drawing lessons from foreign countries, some suggestions are put forward to regulate the act of confession and confession in our country. The correct direction; secondly, to clarify the relevant laws and regulations to solve the problem of disconnection with the judicial practice; again, to improve our investigation and interrogation system, in order to reduce the occurrence of false confession, to prevent wrongful false cases, and to better realize the task of China's criminal procedure law to combat crime and protect human rights.
【学位授予单位】：山西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

【参考文献】