刑事被害人谅解制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 17:11

  本文选题：刑事被害人谅解 + 定罪功能　； 参考：《西南政法大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑事被害人一直是传统刑法学研究的盲点,而被害人权利保障运动的兴起与被害人在刑事诉讼中地位的提升,迫切要求刑法中的相关理论与被害人融合,以满足刑事一体化发展的需要。纵观各种刑法学教科书,从编写的篇章体例上看,大多以刑法总论和刑法分论为主线,从研究的主要内容看,包括了犯罪论和刑罚论。在刑法学教科书中没有对被害人专门加以分析。刑法总论在排除犯罪性行为中提到了被害人承诺行为,在刑法分论中被害人行为可能影响到个罪的成立。作为教材的刑法学采用这种编写体例自然具有合理性,但对被害人的忽略长期以来也导致被害人因素在刑法学研究和司法实践中的混乱。被害人谅解的研究弥补了被害人态度这一罪后因素在犯罪论和刑罚论中研究的不足。国内关于刑事被害人事后态度和行为的研究始于刑事和解,来源于西方国家方兴未艾的恢复性司法理念。21世纪以来恢复性司法研究在我国起步并很快得以发展,其存在的现实基础是对被害人权利保护的关注和刑事司法在预防和改造犯罪人方面的失败。直至2012年新刑事诉讼法的颁布,长久以来关于恢复性司法理念指导下的刑事和解是否能够在我国推行才终于有了结论。刑事诉讼法规定了公诉案件中的刑事和解程序。然作为刑事和解核心的被害人谅解在刑法中的研究却没能紧跟诉讼法研究的步伐。在社会主义和谐社会语境下,刑事和解更加强调加害方与被害方在第三方调停或组织下平和的解决刑事纠纷,最终实现司法机关对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人不再追究刑事责任或者减轻刑事责任。缺乏对被害人谅解的深入研究,刑事和解将成为无源之水,无本之木。本文共五个部分,字数约50000字,其主要内容如下:第一部分是关于刑事被害人谅解的概述。这一部分笔者首先分析了刑事被害人与谅解的含义,并在此基础上引出了刑事被害人谅解的概念,明确指出本文研究的刑事被害人谅解属于制度化的被害人谅解。对概念的阐述仅能够明确概念的内涵,还要通过与其他概念的比较才能明确概念的外延。因此,紧接刑事被害人概念,笔者对被害人谅解、被害人同意、刑事和解进行了辨析,以便在相似的法律制度中确定研究的中心。第二部分是关于刑事被害人谅解与刑法基本原则的契合。这一部分笔者首先分析了刑事被害人谅解的法律属性,指出刑事被害人谅解属于被害人的一项权利,国家可以让渡一部分刑罚权给被害人供其自由处分。刑法是国家行使刑罚权的基础,被害人谅解要对刑罚权产生影响就必然要引入到刑法理论体系之中。刑法基本原则是刑法的灵魂,也是被害人谅解引入刑法的理论基础。笔者在这一部分重点分析了被害人谅解如何与刑法三大基本原则契合。第三部分是关于刑事被害人谅解与定罪量刑。这一部分笔者对刑事被害人谅解的不同类型做了简要分析,作为研究被害人谅解刑法功能的前提。而后阐述了被害人谅解影响定罪与量刑的基础,即被害人谅解与社会危害性的关系。在刑事被害人谅解的定罪功能上,笔者指出了被害人谅解在轻微刑事案件中的出罪功能,并分析了出罪功能的具体表现;在刑事被害人谅解的量刑功能上,笔者分析了被害人谅解对是否判处刑罚、刑罚的种类、刑罚的轻重、是否判处缓刑、是否判处死刑的影响。第四部分是关于我国刑事被害人谅解实施的现状。这一部分笔者通过立法与司法两个角度阐述被害人谅解的现状。首先,在立法上分析了被害人谅解在刑法典、刑事诉讼法以及司法解释中的地位,并指出了我国目前关于刑事被害人谅解立法的不足。其次,在司法上分析了刑事被害人谅解司法认定不规范、量刑从轻不规范的问题。第五部分是关于刑事被害人谅解的完善。这一部分与第四部分对应,还是从立法与司法上完善刑事被害人谅解制度。在立法上,完善相关法律制度,明确刑事被害人谅解的出罪功能。具体通过赋予公安机关对被害人谅解轻微刑事案件不予立案或撤销案件的权利,将轻微刑事案件中的被害人谅解作为酌定不起诉或暂缓起诉的条件等措施实现。在司法上,从刑事被害人谅解的司法认定、被害人谅解审查和监督入手。
[Abstract]:The criminal victim has always been a blind spot in the study of traditional criminal law, and the rise of the rights protection movement of the victim and the promotion of the victim's status in the criminal procedure, the urgent demand for the integration of relevant theories and victims in criminal law in order to meet the needs of the development of criminal integration. Most of the main contents of the criminal law and criminal law are the main line, including the main contents of the study, including the theory of crime and the theory of punishment. There is no special analysis of the victims in the textbooks of criminal law. The general theory of Criminal Law mentioned the committed behavior of the victims in the exclusion of criminal acts, and the behavior of the victims in the criminal law may affect the establishment of a crime. The use of this type of criminal law as a textbook is reasonable, but the neglect of the victim has long led to the confusion of the victim's factors in the study of criminal law and the judicial practice. The research on the victim's understanding has made up for the lack of the attitude of the victim in the theory of crime and the theory of punishment. The research on the attitude and behavior of the criminal victim of the victim begins with the criminal reconciliation. It comes from the rising judicial ideas of the western countries. The restorative judicial research has started in China since the.21 century, and it has been rapidly developed in our country. The real foundation of its existence is the protection of the rights of the victims and the criminal justice in the prevention and reform of the criminals. Failure until the promulgation of the new criminal procedure law in 2012, for a long time, whether the criminal reconciliation under the guidance of the concept of restorative justice can be implemented in our country has finally reached a conclusion. The criminal procedure law stipulates the criminal reconciliation procedure in the case of public prosecution. However, the research on the victim understanding in the criminal law is not the case in the criminal law. In the context of the socialist harmonious society, in the context of the socialist harmonious society, the criminal reconciliation emphasizes the settlement of criminal disputes between the injuring party and the injured party in the third parties' mediation or organization. In the end, the judicial organ will not be prosecuted for criminal responsibility or mitigate criminal responsibility. In depth study, criminal reconciliation will become a passive water, no wood. This article is a total of five parts, the number of words is about 50000 words, the main contents are as follows: the first part is a summary of the understanding of the criminal victim. It is clearly pointed out that the criminal victim understanding in this paper belongs to the institutionalized victim understanding. The definition of the concept can only clarify the connotation of the concept, and the extension of the concept can be clearly defined by comparing with other concepts. Therefore, the concept of the criminal victim is followed by the criminal victim understanding, the victim's consent and the criminal reconciliation. Analysis, in order to determine the center of research in the similar legal system. The second part is about the agreement between the criminal victim's understanding and the basic principles of the criminal law. This part of the author first analyzes the legal attributes of the criminal victim's understanding, and points out that the criminal victim is a right to the victim, and the state can give out part of the penalty right to the victim. The victim is free to dispose of. The criminal law is the basis for the state to exercise the right of punishment. The understanding of the victim will inevitably be introduced into the theoretical system of criminal law. The basic principle of the criminal law is the soul of the criminal law and the theoretical basis of the victim's understanding to the criminal law. In this part, the author focuses on the analysis of the understanding of the victims. In conjunction with the three basic principles of criminal law. The third part is about the criminal victim's understanding and conviction and sentencing. This part of the author makes a brief analysis of the different types of understanding of the criminal victim, as the prerequisite for the study of the criminal law function of the victim, and then expounds the basis of the victim understanding affecting the conviction and sentencing, that is, the victim understanding and the victim's understanding. The relationship of social harmfulness. On the criminalization function of the criminal victim's understanding, the author points out the crime function of the victim's understanding in the minor criminal cases, and analyzes the specific performance of the crime function. In the criminal victim's understanding of the punishment function, the author analyses whether the victim's understanding is sentenced to punishment, the kind of penalty and the penalty. The fourth part is about the status of the criminal victim understanding and implementation in our country. The author expounds the status of the victim's understanding through two angles of legislation and judicature. First, the author analyzes the victim understanding in the criminal code, the criminal procedure law and the judicial interpretation. In the fifth part, the fifth part is about the perfection of the criminal victim's understanding. This part corresponds to the fourth part, or the legislation and the judicature to perfect the criminal. The victim understanding system. In legislation, the legal system should be perfected to clarify the crime function of the criminal victim's understanding. By giving the public security organs the right to not file a case or revoke the case for the victim's understanding of the minor criminal cases, the victim understanding in the minor criminal case is taken as the condition for the discretionary non prosecution or the reprieve of the prosecution. In judicial practice, starting from the judicial determination of the understanding of the victim's victim and the review and supervision of the victim's understanding.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D925.2
，

本文编号：2018288