困境与突破:德国诉讼标的理论重述

发布时间：2018-06-14 20:50

本文选题：诉讼标的 + 实体法说　；参考：《法学论坛》2017年06期

【摘要】：德国民事诉讼标的理论历经上百年的更替,从"实体法说"到"诉讼法说",再从诉讼法说中的"二分肢说"和"一分肢说",始终绕不开"法律效果"与"权利诉求"两个因素,两者共同构成界定"诉讼标的"内涵的两个坐标。其中,"法律效果"以实体法上的权利或法律关系为基础,以纠纷的实质解决为导向,是原告通过诉讼程序期望达到的实体法上的法律效果;"权利诉求"则立足于程序法,是原告为实现实体法上法律效果而采取的诉讼手段。由于"诉讼标的"内含的模糊性造成识别困难,德国理论界试图寻找一个能够适用于诉讼系属、诉的合并、诉的变更、既判力等各程序领域的"诉讼标的"统一概念,但始终难言成功。于是,相对诉讼标的理论悄然兴起。该理论的贡献不在于建构,而在于突破,即打破固有的"诉讼标的"概念的一体化思维模式,使其在不同诉讼语境和程序场景中呈现流动化态势,以适应不同的政策考量与解释操作需要。
[Abstract]:The theory of the subject matter of civil action in Germany has been changed for hundreds of years, from "substantive law theory" to "procedural law theory", and then from the "dichotomy theory" and "one-limb theory" in the procedural law theory, which can never be separated from the two factors of "legal effect" and "right claim". Both constitute the two coordinates defining the connotation of "object of action". Among them, "legal effect" is based on the rights or legal relations in substantive law, and is guided by the substantive settlement of disputes, which is the legal effect of substantive law expected by the plaintiff through the litigation procedure, while the "right claim" is based on the procedural law. Is the plaintiff in order to achieve the legal effect of substantive law to take the means of litigation. Due to the vagueness of the object of action, the German theorists try to find a unified concept of "object of action" which can be applied to various procedural fields, such as the category of litigation, the merger of litigation, the change of action, res judicata and so on. But it is impossible to say success all the time. Therefore, the relative litigation object theory rises quietly. The contribution of the theory lies not in the construction, but in the breakthrough, that is, to break the integrated mode of thinking of the inherent concept of "object of action", and to make it flow in different litigation contexts and procedural scenes. To adapt to different policy considerations and explain the operational needs.
【作者单位】：对外经济贸易大学法学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“多数人侵权纠纷共同诉讼类型研究”(17YJC820034) 司法部中青年项目“新范式下的民事诉讼标的理论研究”(16SFB3026)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D951.6;DD915.2

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