论我国刑事见证制度的完善

发布时间：2018-06-24 01:37

本文选题：刑事见证 + 侦查行为　；参考：《海南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：罪刑法定原则是刑法中最基本的原则,所谓"法定"是指罪名的认定必须由法律明确规定,而罪名认定的基础是以侦查机关在侦查阶段获取的各种证据为基础的,由此而衍生出来的侦查程序以及侦查程序获取的证据都应符合法律的规定。在案件始发阶段,侦查机关是唯一获得法律授权并合法取证的机构,侦查机关的侦查行为是否合法,直接关系着案件能否顺利进行,更直接影响着被害人与犯罪嫌疑人的切身利益能否得到保证。冤假错案的出现,往往是与侦查阶段获取证据的方式方法有直接关系,而侦查机关在获取证据时,往往都是秘密获取,这一方面是破案的需要,但另一方面也反应出侦查机关是获取证据的第一人,其对证据取得的方式方法的说明也只是一家之言。因此,各国在立法时,为了制约公权力的过分滥用,引入了见证制度,以保证证据取得的合法性,更好的实现司法公正与保障人权。因此,见证制度在法制建设不断完善的今天,显得尤为重要。具体来说,本文从以下几个方面进行展开:第一部分论述见证制度的基本概况。从刑事见证的概念入手,将刑事见证范围从时间,主体等方面进行界定,根据刑事见证在诉讼过程中的作用,进而分析刑事见证在刑事案件中的价值,主要体现在程序、权力制约以及对被告人的权利保障。具体来说体现在勘验、检查、搜查等侦查行为中,这是刑事案件能够保证公平公正的一个重要环节。第二部分着重论述国外刑事见证制度的有关规定。大陆法系和英美法系根据国家的立法和司法实践,规定了不同的见证模式,主要有以下三种见证模式:强制见证模式、自由见证模式和排斥见证模式。本文对这三种模式进行了详细的阐述,并进行了横向比较,分析各种模式的利与弊,从而为后文我国刑事见证借鉴奠定了基础。第三部分我国《刑事诉讼法》对见证制度规定的过于模糊,导致在司法实践中侦查行为任意性比较大,严重影响了证据规则在司法实践中的运用。之所以出现这种现状,与我国传统的政治哲学和法律文化有着紧密的联系,未能从观念上将刑事见证制度提升到法律层面。第四部分从构建完善的刑事见证制度出发,结合前文中外国立法中值得借鉴的地方,从刑事见证主体的资格及人数、刑事见证的诉讼地位和刑事见证范围进行了阐述,为刑事侦查工作能够合法有效的进行提供一种监督方式,为形成完整并且合法的证据链条做好铺垫,为维护当事人的合法权益提供一种保障。
[Abstract]:The principle of legally prescribed punishment for a crime is the most basic principle in criminal law. The so-called "statutory" means that the determination of an offence must be clearly defined by the law, and the basis of the determination of the charge is based on various kinds of evidence obtained by the investigative organ during the investigation stage. The investigation procedure derived from it and the evidence obtained by the investigation procedure should conform to the law. In the initial stage of a case, the investigative organ is the only organization authorized by law and legally obtained evidence. Whether the investigation act of the investigative organ is lawful or not is directly related to the smooth progress of the case. More directly affect the victims and criminal suspects can be guaranteed vital interests. The appearance of cases of unjust falsehood and error is often directly related to the ways and means of obtaining evidence at the stage of investigation, and when the investigation organs obtain evidence, they often obtain the evidence in secret. On the one hand, this is the need to solve the case. But on the other hand, it also reflects that the investigative organ is the first person to obtain evidence, and its explanation of the ways and means of obtaining evidence is only a word of the whole family. Therefore, in order to restrict the excessive abuse of public power, witness system is introduced in order to ensure the legitimacy of evidence, to better realize judicial justice and protect human rights. Therefore, witness system in the legal system continues to improve today, it is particularly important. Specifically, this paper from the following aspects: the first part discusses the basic overview of witness system. Starting with the concept of criminal witness, the scope of criminal witness is defined from the aspects of time and subject, and the value of criminal witness in criminal case is analyzed according to the function of criminal witness in the process of litigation, which is mainly embodied in the procedure. Power restriction and the protection of the defendant's rights. It is embodied in the investigation, inspection, search and so on, which is an important link to ensure the fairness and fairness of criminal cases. The second part focuses on the relevant provisions of foreign criminal witness system. According to the legislation and judicial practice of the countries, the civil law system and the common law system stipulate different witness models, including the following three witness modes: compulsory witness, free witness and exclusive witness. This article has carried on the detailed elaboration to these three kinds of models, and has carried on the horizontal comparison, analyzed each kind of pattern's advantage and the disadvantage, thus has laid the foundation for the later article our country criminal witness reference. The third part of the "Criminal procedure Law" of the witness system is too vague, resulting in the judicial practice of investigation behavior is more arbitrary, seriously affecting the application of the rules of evidence in judicial practice. The present situation is closely related to the traditional political philosophy and legal culture of our country and fails to elevate the criminal witness system to the legal level. The fourth part from the construction of a sound criminal witness system, combined with the previous foreign legislation worthy of reference, from the qualification and number of criminal witnesses, the status of criminal witnesses and the scope of criminal witness. For the criminal investigation work can legally and effectively carry out to provide a way of supervision, for the formation of a complete and legal evidence chain to do a good job, for the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the parties to provide a guarantee.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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