民事诉讼中的庭前会议制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 11:17

本文选题：民事诉讼 + 庭前会议制度　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：2015年我国《民事诉讼法解释》正式确立了庭前会议制度。所谓庭前会议制度,是指在诉讼系属以后、正式庭审之前,法院召集双方当事人就案件争议的焦点、双方准备在法庭上提出的证据以及其他有利于促进诉讼的事项进行协商的会议。从保障庭审集中审理的目标而言,庭前会议与审前准备程序具有一致性,但从它们的外延来看,审前准备程序却是庭前会议的上位概念,二者属于包含与被包含的关系。庭前会议虽然被冠以会议之名,但从大陆法系国家的立法例以及我国司法实践的传统做法来看,应对“会议”作扩大解释,即庭前会议的形式既包括会议型也包括开庭型。我国民事诉讼中的庭前会议制度是在司法实务界和法学理论界的不断探索中逐步建立起来的,其功能不仅包括了明确和固定争点及证据的庭审准备性功能,还包括促进当事人和解以终结诉讼的独立性程序功能,是公正与效率价值在民事诉讼审前程序中的具体体现。庭前会议制度经过我国各地法院多年的司法实践,对民事诉讼审判方式的改革起到了积极的作用、发挥了应有的制度功能,但在适用中也暴露出了一些问题。首先,由于缺乏常规、有效的程序保障机制和统一的法律规范的指导,庭前会议在不同法院甚至是不同法庭的操作都存在着明显的差异,具体表现为适用的案件范围和交换的证据范围不统一、时间和次数不统一、主持者和法律效力不统一;其次,由于缺乏对民事审判方式改革理念的深入认识,办案法官对庭前会议的定位、证据交换与争点整理的具体开展都存在着不同的理解,庭前会议的效果往往过度依赖于法官的专业能力和裁量意志。针对以上问题,立足我国当前的审判实践并借鉴国外有益的经验及教训,试对庭前会议及其相关制度的完善提出若干建议。首先,应由最高人民法院以司法解释的形式作出统一、量化、可操作的庭前会议操作规则,以便在日后提高其法律位阶;其次,为保证庭前会议制度在民事诉讼体系中的有效运行,还应确立强制答辩制度、建立证据提出命令制度、完善法官释明制度等相关配套制度。
[Abstract]:In 2015, China's interpretation of the Civil procedure Law formally established the system of pretrial conference. The so-called pre-court meeting system refers to the focus of the dispute over the case that the court convenes both parties before the formal trial, after the proceedings belong to the court. Meetings in which the parties are prepared to consult on evidence presented in court and other matters conducive to facilitating the proceedings. From the point of view of the objective of ensuring the centralized trial of the trial, the pretrial meeting and the pretrial preparatory procedure are consistent, but from their denotation, the pretrial preparatory procedure is the superior concept of the pretrial meeting, and they belong to the relationship between inclusion and inclusion. Although the antecedents are named as meetings, from the legislative examples of civil law countries and the traditional practice of judicial practice in our country, we should make an expanded interpretation of "meeting", that is, the form of pre-trial meeting includes both the conference type and the court session type. The system of pre-trial meeting in civil litigation in China is gradually established in the constant exploration of judicial practice and legal theory, and its function includes not only the clear and fixed points of contention and the function of trial preparation of evidence. It also includes the independent procedural function of promoting the reconciliation of the parties to terminate the litigation, which is the concrete embodiment of the value of justice and efficiency in the pretrial procedure of civil litigation. After years of judicial practice in various courts of our country, the system of pre-court meeting has played a positive role in the reform of the trial mode of civil litigation and brought into play the proper function of the system. However, some problems have been exposed in the application of the system. First of all, due to the lack of routine, effective procedural safeguards and uniform legal norms, there are significant differences in the operation of pre-trial meetings in different courts and even in different courts. The concrete manifestation is that the scope of applicable cases and the scope of the evidence exchanged are not uniform, the time and times are not unified, the moderator and the legal effect are not unified. Secondly, because of the lack of a deep understanding of the concept of the reform of the civil trial mode, There are different understandings on the orientation of the pre-trial meeting, the exchange of evidence and the arrangement of the points of contention. The effect of the pre-court meeting often depends on the judge's professional ability and discretion. In view of the above problems, based on the current trial practice in our country and drawing on the useful experience and lessons of foreign countries, this paper tries to put forward some suggestions on the perfection of the pretrial conference and its related system. First, the Supreme people's Court shall make uniform, quantifiable and operational rules for the operation of pre-court meetings in the form of judicial interpretation in order to raise its legal rank in the future. In order to ensure the effective operation of the pre-court meeting system in the civil litigation system, it is necessary to establish the system of compulsory defense, establish the system of giving orders for evidence, and perfect the system of interpretation of judges and other related supporting systems.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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