我国刑事被害人国家补偿制度构建研究

发布时间：2018-07-06 11:53

本文选题：刑事被害人 + 国家补偿制度　；参考：《贵州民族大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑事被害人国家补偿制度是一项非常重要的人权保障制度和国家救助制度。该制度的构建有利于促进社会主义和谐社会的建立以及有助于科学发展观的深入贯彻与落实。当前，我国正处于社会转型期，各种社会矛盾层出不穷导致各类犯罪时常发生，尤其是暴力犯罪和恶性犯罪时有发生，这些犯罪行为给被害人及其家庭造成了严重的损失，从而导致被害人在心理上与生理上承受了极大的痛苦，甚至导致被害人的基本生活陷入困境等严重后果的产生。在现实生活中，被害人在遭受犯罪人的犯罪行为侵害后得不到足额赔偿或得不到任何赔偿的情形已屡见不鲜。鉴于此，我国应该从制度层面上认真落实并解决被害人人权保障问题，构建旨在保障刑事被害人基本生存权的刑事被害人国家补偿制度已刻不容缓。本文首先从刑事被害人国家补偿制度的基本概述入手，对域外刑事被害人国家补偿制度进行了相关立法考察与全面评析，指出我国应该在国外先进立法经验的基础上努力探索建立适合我国客观情况的刑事被害人国家补偿制度，并期许这一制度能在我国得以成功建立，以使我国的刑事法制能朝着现代化方向发展。其次，本文在阐述我国被害人补偿制度的必要性的同时，还从理论与实践两个层面上对构建这一制度是否具有可行性进行了相关叙述。最后，本文对我国构建刑事被害人国家补偿制度进行了具体的设计，主要从补偿对象、补偿条件、补偿方式、补偿标准、补偿资金的来源与管理、补偿机构的设置以及补偿的程序五个方面对该制度的建立进行了具体的设计。另外，我国刑事被害人国家补偿制度的建立，有助于缓解社会矛盾和稳定社会，同时该制度的建立也体现了国家对被害人的人文关怀，具有非常重要的实践价值。
[Abstract]:State compensation system for criminal victims is a very important human rights protection system and national relief system. The construction of this system is conducive to the establishment of a harmonious socialist society and to the implementation and implementation of the scientific concept of development. At present, our country is in the period of social transformation, and various kinds of social contradictions occur frequently, especially violent crimes and vicious crimes, which have caused serious losses to the victims and their families. Therefore, the victims suffer greatly psychologically and physiologically, and even lead to the victims' basic life into difficulties and other serious consequences. In real life, it is common for the victim to get the full compensation or any compensation after the criminal behavior. In view of this, our country should conscientiously implement and solve the human rights protection problem of the victims from the system level, and it is urgent to construct the national compensation system of the criminal victims to protect the basic survival rights of the criminal victims. This article begins with a basic overview of the state compensation system for criminal victims, and makes a comprehensive analysis of the relevant legislation on the system of state compensation for criminal victims abroad. It is pointed out that China should make great efforts to establish the national compensation system for criminal victims, which is suitable for the objective conditions of our country, on the basis of the advanced legislative experience of foreign countries, and hopes that this system can be successfully established in our country. In order to enable our country's criminal legal system to develop in the direction of modernization. Secondly, this paper expounds the necessity of our country's victim compensation system, and at the same time, it also describes the feasibility of constructing this system from the two aspects of theory and practice. Finally, this paper designs the national compensation system for criminal victims in China, mainly from the compensation object, compensation conditions, compensation methods, compensation standards, the source and management of compensation funds. The establishment of compensation mechanism and compensation procedures are designed in five aspects. In addition, the establishment of national compensation system for criminal victims in China will help to alleviate social contradictions and stabilize the society. At the same time, the establishment of the system also reflects the country's humanistic care for victims, which has very important practical value.
【学位授予单位】：贵州民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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