公民环境民事公益诉讼原告资格研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 20:41

本文选题：公众 + 环境权利　；参考：《海南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：从共和国的诞生之日起再到如今,中国的经济总量呈现着几何数字级别的迅猛增长,但与之伴随的却是环境的不断恶化和国民身体素质的逐渐下降。公民自身的诉讼权利是否可以延展到环境民事公益诉讼领域,在现在看来是一个十分棘手但又惹人关注的话题。在政策方面,由国务院推动实行的关于加强环境保护的决定,第一次在中央层级对环境民事公益诉讼进行了细化与明确。而在现实生活中,北京大学师生诉中石油公司松花江污染案却因为主体不具有诉讼资格而最后草草了之。不难看出,理论与实践乃至与公民对于美好环境的向往之间是存在不小的间隙。可巧的是,作为公民的我们恰恰是对周围环境最关心、最了解的一部分。反观国外,不少的国家在环境民事公益诉讼领域不但未对公民关闭诉讼之门,反而鼓励公民与公权力机关一同行动,在公私力救济协调行动的基础上维护大家共同的家园。鉴于此,有必要在理论上对这一问题在理论与实务上的不协调重新加以检讨,并在借鉴国外经验的基础上合理寻求我国的解决之道。本文分为四个部分。起初的第一部分从司法现状的角度介绍了环境民事公益诉讼原告资格制度的现实情况,列举归纳了环保法和一系列有关的法律规定,明确了目前享有原告资格的主体(不包括公民);并指出了公民欠缺原告资格所带来的弊病。第二部分,通过查找和阅读国内外的有关资料,探讨了公民为什么可以享有原告资格的理论依据,力求为立法赋予公民个人原告资格提供理论支持。同时,在全面考虑公民担任原告的优势和其本身的积极意义的基础之上,分析论证了这一主体享有环境民事公益诉讼原告资格的正当性。第三部分,从域外的角度梳理并借鉴了国外特别是美国、印度、澳大利亚的制度,我们不难发现其各自身上的闪光点。面对国外的优秀经验,我们不能慌不能急,更不能"病急乱投医",我们应在结合本国实际与实践的基础之上构建出完全属于自己的环境民事公益诉讼原告资格制度。第四部分,论证指出了滥诉风险以及公民对于环境问题的专业水平限制等等劣势在高效合理的制度架构下,其实并非洪水猛兽,通过一系列针对性的事前事后措施我们可以化干戈为玉帛,释放公民作为诉讼主体所带来的积极性。最终我们可以得出结论:公民、检察机关、具备一定条件的环保组织,三者之间应当取长补短、通力协作,共同监督并维护我国的青山绿水。
[Abstract]:From the birth of the Republic to now, the gross economic volume of China has shown a rapid growth of geometric and digital levels, but with it is the environment deteriorating and the national physical quality gradually declining. Whether the citizen's own litigation right can be extended to the field of environmental civil public interest litigation is now a very difficult but concerned topic. In terms of policy, the decision on strengthening environmental protection promoted by the State Council has for the first time refined and clarified the environmental civil public interest litigation at the central level. In real life, Peking University teachers and students sued PetroChina Songhua River pollution case because the subject did not have legal qualifications and finally hasty. It is not difficult to see that there is no small gap between theory and practice and citizens' yearning for a better environment. Coincidentally, as citizens, we are precisely the most concerned about the surrounding environment, the most familiar part. On the other hand, many countries in the field of environmental civil public interest litigation not only did not close the door of litigation to citizens, but encouraged citizens and public power organs to act together to maintain the common home on the basis of the coordinated action of public and private relief. In view of this, it is necessary to re-examine the theoretical and practical incoordination of this problem in theory, and to seek a reasonable solution in our country on the basis of drawing lessons from foreign experience. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part of the first part introduces the reality of the plaintiff qualification system in environmental civil public interest litigation from the angle of the current judicial situation, enumerates and sums up the environmental protection law and a series of related laws and regulations. This paper clarifies the subject (excluding citizens) who enjoy the plaintiff's qualification at present, and points out the disadvantages caused by the citizen's lack of the plaintiff's qualification. The second part, by looking up and reading the relevant information at home and abroad, discusses the theoretical basis of why citizens can enjoy the plaintiff qualification, and tries to provide theoretical support for legislation to endow citizens with individual plaintiff qualifications. At the same time, on the basis of considering the advantages of citizens as plaintiffs and their own positive significance, this paper analyzes and demonstrates the legitimacy of the subject's qualification of plaintiff in environmental civil public interest litigation. The third part, from the perspective of foreign countries, especially the United States, India, Australia's system, we can easily find their respective flash of light. Facing the excellent experience of foreign countries, we can't panic, nor can we "throw the doctor in a hurry". We should construct the plaintiff qualification system of environmental civil public interest litigation on the basis of combining the reality and practice of our country. In the fourth part, the argument points out that the disadvantages such as the risk of excessive action and the limitation of the citizens' professional level on environmental problems are not the great beasts in the framework of efficient and reasonable system. Through a series of targeted ex ante measures, we can turn war into silk and release the enthusiasm of citizens as the subject of litigation. Finally, we can draw a conclusion: citizens, procuratorial organs, environmental protection organizations with certain conditions should learn from each other's weaknesses, cooperate with each other, and jointly supervise and maintain the green mountains and rivers of our country.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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