论宗教教义在美国司法审判中的适用

发布时间：2018-07-09 18:12

本文选题：宗教教义 + 美国　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：宗教和法律是调整各类社会关系的两种重要手段,二者关系极为纷繁复杂。宗教教义作为人类重要的价值观念,在法律产生和发展的过程中具有举足轻重的作用。在政教分离的典型国家当中,美国受宗教的影响尤为深远。在当今美国,从制度上来说,宗教和法律似乎有一个明显的界线,但是这种界线一旦在实践中落实,其面临的问题并不能一概而论。在美国几百年的众多司法判例中,宗教教义的引用并不鲜见。近年来,宗教教义也开始出现在我国的审判文书中,并且引发了人们热烈的讨论。本文意图从理论和实践两个方面探究宗教教义在司法审判中得到适用究竟有无合理性,并从中审视宗教教义进入我国司法审判领域的借鉴意义。本文共分为五个章节,如下。在第一部分中,笔者论述了宗教教义在美国司法审判中适用的历史演变情况。美国建国以来便确立了政教分离的政策,将法律与宗教明确地区别开来;但在实践中,二者的分离是不可能实现的。"宗教"的概念随着社会的发展和宗教多元化不断发生演化,也连带着宗教教义司法适用的情况发生改变。第二、三部分笔者分析了宗教教义在司法审判当中运行的条件以及阻却因素。第二部分的运行条件包括内部条件和外部条件。内部条件包括宗教教义的普遍性和良善性。外部条件则有:宗教教义是法律渊源之一,宗教教义与制度法协调相容,以及法官行使自由裁量权会受到宗教教义的影响。在第三部分中,笔者着重探讨了宗教教义在司法中适用的阻却因素,包括其自身的缺陷、有限的适用空间以及文化理解的差异等等。在第四部分中,笔者结合实例,分析宗教教义在司法审判中的效力。从实践层面上来说,在美国司法审判中完全排除宗教教义是不可能的,但是宗教教义的适用也需要制定准则。概括来说,具有普世价值的宗教教义在司法审判中不影响正当程序权利;涉及宗教信仰自由的宗教教义在司法审判中可以发挥实质性的作用;法官、当事人、律师、证人的宗教信仰会隐秘地对审判的结果产生影响。最后,笔者总结以上美国宗教教义在司法审判中适用的情况,结合我国近年来出现的引用宗教教义的司法文书,探讨在我国这一特殊的文化背景下,宗教教义的司法适用是否有其可取之处。
[Abstract]:Religion and law are two important means to adjust all kinds of social relations. As an important value of human beings, religious doctrine plays an important role in the process of law production and development. America is particularly deeply influenced by religion among the countries that are typically divided between church and state. In the United States today, there seems to be a clear line between religion and law, but once it is implemented in practice, the problems it faces cannot be generalized. In hundreds of years of judicial precedents in the United States, religious doctrine is not uncommon. In recent years, religious doctrine also began to appear in our judicial documents, and aroused heated discussion. This paper intends to explore whether it is reasonable for religious doctrine to be applied in judicial trial from two aspects of theory and practice, and to examine the significance of religious doctrine in the field of judicial trial in our country. This paper is divided into five chapters, as follows. In the first part, the author discusses the historical evolution of the application of religious doctrine in American judicial trial. Since the founding of the United States, the policy of separation of church and state has been established, which clearly distinguishes law from religion, but in practice the separation between the two cannot be achieved. " With the development of society and the evolution of religious pluralism, the concept of religion "also changes with the judicial application of religious doctrine." The second, third part analyzes the condition of the religious doctrine in the judicial trial and the factors of hindrance. The second part of the operating conditions include internal conditions and external conditions. Internal conditions include the universality and goodness of religious teachings. The external conditions are: religious doctrine is one of the sources of law, religious doctrine and institutional law are compatible, and judges exercise discretion will be influenced by religious doctrine. In the third part, the author focuses on the obstacles to the application of religious doctrine in the administration of justice, including its own defects, limited space for application and differences in cultural understanding, and so on. In the fourth part, the author analyzes the validity of religious doctrine in judicial trial. In practice, it is impossible to exclude religious doctrine completely in American judicial trial, but the application of religious doctrine also needs to make a rule. Generally speaking, religious doctrines of universal value do not affect due process rights in judicial trials; religious doctrines involving freedom of religious belief can play a substantial role in judicial trials; judges, clients, lawyers, The religious beliefs of witnesses can have a hidden influence on the outcome of the trial. Finally, the author summarizes the application of the American religious doctrine in the judicial trial, and discusses the special cultural background of our country in the light of the judicial documents cited in recent years. Whether the judicial application of religious doctrine has its merit.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D971.2;DD916

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