论民事诉讼中法律审与事实审分离陪审模式的构建

发布时间：2018-07-15 07:37

【摘要】：本文从法律审与事实审分离陪审模式的原因背景出发,探究这一模式的现实运行情况,并在考察和借鉴英美法系国家陪审团制度的基础上,提出在民事诉讼中构建法律审与事实审“相对分离”的陪审模式的思路和制度设计。文章第一部分以民事诉讼中法律审与事实审分离陪审模式构建的背景开篇,分四个部分介绍。首先,分析人民陪审员制度的积弊及改革原因,主要从制度、司法和社会三个方面阐述。其次,对法律审与事实审的基本定义进行明确,认为在刑事诉讼中与民事诉讼中两者的定义是有所区别的。再次,追溯人民陪审员制度改革的实践探索。最后,介绍法律审与事实审分离陪审制改革的试点方案的推出。文章第二部分对民事诉讼中法律审与事实审分离陪审模式的实践情况进行介绍和分析。首先,分析实践中法律审与事实审分离陪审模式的具体设计。其次,从理论、制度、程序和人员等四个方面分析法律审与事实审分离陪审模式存在的障碍。文章第三部分主要是对英美法系国家陪审团制度的考察和借鉴。首先是考察主要英美法系国家和地区的陪审团制度。其次是将人民陪审员制度和陪审团制度进行横向比较,从正反两方面进行借鉴,认为既要汲取陪审团制度的优势,也要回避其缺陷。文章第四部分提出民事诉讼中法律审与事实审分离陪审模式的构建建议。首先是确认相对分离机制的地位,概括并比较“绝对分离”理论和“相对分离”理论,认为需在民事诉讼中构建法律审与事实审“相对分离”的陪审模式,即提升人民陪审员在特定的案件中事实认定的主导权,但法官并不因为主导权的失去而必然被排除在事实认定的过程之外。接下来,从立法完善、程序设计和配套制度完善等三方面对这一模式进行具体的设计和构建。
[Abstract]:Based on the background of the reason why the jury system is separated from the fact trial, this paper probes into the actual operation of this model, and on the basis of investigating and drawing lessons from the jury system in the common law countries, This paper puts forward the train of thought and system design of constructing the jury mode of relative separation between the legal trial and the factual trial in the civil action. The first part of the article begins with the background of the construction of the judicial trial and the factual trial separation jury mode in civil litigation, which is divided into four parts. First of all, it analyzes the disadvantages and reform reasons of the people's jury system, mainly from the system, judicial and social three aspects. Secondly, the basic definition of legal trial and factual trial is clear, and the definition of the two is different from that of civil action. Thirdly, tracing back to the practice of the reform of the people's jury system. Finally, the introduction of the trial and the trial of the fact of the trial system reform pilot program. The second part introduces and analyzes the practice of separating the trial of law from the trial of fact in civil litigation. First of all, it analyzes the concrete design of the judicial trial and the factual trial in practice. Secondly, the author analyzes the obstacles in the separation of the trial of law and the trial of fact from four aspects: theory, system, procedure and personnel. The third part is mainly about the investigation and reference of jury system in Anglo-American law system. The first is to investigate the jury system in the main common law countries and regions. The second is to compare the people's jury system with the jury system horizontally, draw lessons from both positive and negative aspects, think that we should not only absorb the advantages of the jury system, but also avoid its defects. The fourth part of the article puts forward the construction suggestion of the judicial trial and the fact trial in the civil action. The first is to confirm the status of relative separation mechanism, summarize and compare the theory of "absolute separation" and "relative separation", and think that it is necessary to construct the jury mode of "relative separation" between legal trial and factual trial in civil litigation. That is to promote the people's jurors in a specific case of the fact of the dominant right, but judges are not necessarily excluded from the process of fact determination because of the loss of the dominant power. Then, this model is designed and constructed from three aspects: legislative perfection, program design and supporting system perfection.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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