审前阶段刑事法律援助实证分析——以新《刑事诉讼法》实施为背景

发布时间：2018-07-21 13:25

【摘要】：在此次《刑事诉讼法》修改中,审前阶段刑事法律援助制度的确立是一大进步,但对此只能保持审慎乐观的态度:一方面,在吸纳现行法规和司法解释的合理化内核基础上,新法确认了申请型法律援助制度,有望缓解主要由"无刑诉法可依"导致的申请率低、援助率低、援助效果差的尴尬境地,并可能带来案件量的大幅增加,但相关保障机制的缺乏,也很难让人对新法实施持乐观态度;另一方面,新法将指定辩护的适用阶段延伸至侦查阶段,确立了审前阶段指定辩护制度,有利于更好地保障犯罪嫌疑人的权益,也可能带来案件量的大幅增加,但由于制度设计是以审判阶段为参照的,导致审前阶段指定辩护操作性较差。因此,未来应当根据审前程序的特质扩大审前阶段指定辩护的适用范围,建立法律援助的保障机制和扩充专职法律援助律师队伍,以应对新刑诉法实施带来的冲击。
[Abstract]:In this revision of the Criminal procedure Law, the establishment of the criminal legal aid system in the pretrial stage is a major step forward, but it can only maintain a cautious and optimistic attitude: on the one hand, on the basis of absorbing the rationalized kernel of the existing laws and regulations and judicial interpretation, The new law confirms the applicant legal aid system and is expected to ease the embarrassing situation of low application rates and poor aid effectiveness, mainly due to "no criminal procedure law", and may lead to a significant increase in the number of cases. However, because of the lack of relevant safeguard mechanism, it is difficult for people to be optimistic about the implementation of the new law. On the other hand, the new law extends the application stage of the designated defense to the investigation stage, and establishes the system of designating the defense in the pre-trial stage. It is beneficial to better protect the rights and interests of criminal suspects and may also bring about a large increase in the number of cases. However, the system design is based on the trial stage, which leads to the poor operability of the pretrial stage of the designated defense. Therefore, according to the characteristics of the pretrial procedure, we should expand the scope of application of the assigned defense in the pretrial stage, establish the legal aid guarantee mechanism and expand the professional legal aid lawyers to cope with the impact brought by the implementation of the new Criminal procedure Law.
【作者单位】：四川师范大学法学院;
【基金】：2013年四川省教育厅一般项目“量刑辩护实证研究”(13SB0224) 2012年四川师范大学博士科研启动项目“刑事法律援助实证研究”的部分成果
【分类号】：D925.2

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