民事执行财产报告制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-31 18:00

【摘要】：所谓民事执行财产报告制度，，就是指法院向当事人发出执行通知，当事人因无清偿能力而无法履行执行通知确定的义务时，应当向发出执行通知的法院报告当前及其自收到执行通知之日起一年内的经济状况，以证明其没有或暂时没有履行能力的事实，若违反该报告义务则要承担相应法律责任的一种保护债权人实现债权的民事法律制度。该制度是诚信原则，民事权利义务理论，民事诉讼举证规则在民事执行领域的体现，顺应了当前我国民事诉讼发展的新形势。其实施合理分配了当事人和法院之间的权利义务，保证了执行工作的顺利进行，从而降低了司法成本，树立司法权威，提高公众对公力救济的信心，有利于解决执行难问题，保证当事人合法权利的实现。相较于其他国家已经较为成熟的立法，我国的民事执行财产报告制度还存在很多不足之处。从立法上来看，主要存在着报告义务人规定不够具体，启动程序不够合理，缺乏时效规定，报告内容不明确以及责任义务不对称等问题，司法实务中也存在着执行法院不够重视，法院缺乏报告审核手段，以及不能对违法报告义务的行为及时进行有效处罚的情形。对此，首先，要明确财产报告义务人，规范报告程序，确立现实可行的时效制度，并设立宽严相济的处罚手段，从立法上为制度的运行提供一个合理合法的依据；其次，要提高各级法院对制度的重视程度，丰富财产报告手段，拓宽当事人报告财产的途径，建立与制度相配合的信息共享机制，方便法院对财产报告的审核，并且赋予法院更多的处罚权力，以保证法院能对违反该制度的当事人做出合法有效的处罚；最后，我们还应当完善相关的配套措施，包括建立遍及全社会的诚信系统，加强群众监督等，为民事执行财产报告制度的有效实施提供更加良好的外部环境。
[Abstract]:The so-called civil execution property reporting system means that when a court issues an enforcement notice to a party, the party is unable to fulfill the obligation set out in the enforcement notice because of his incapacity to pay off. Shall report to the court giving the notice of enforcement on the current economic situation and on the economic situation within one year from the date of receipt of the notice of enforcement, in order to prove the fact that it is unable or temporarily unable to perform, If the reporting obligation is violated, it is a civil legal system which protects the creditor from realizing the creditor's rights. This system is the principle of good faith, the theory of civil rights and obligations, and the embodiment of the rules of proof in civil action, which conform to the new situation of the development of civil litigation in our country. Its implementation reasonably allocates the rights and obligations between the parties and the court, ensures the smooth progress of the execution work, thus reduces the judicial cost, sets up the judicial authority, enhances the public confidence in the public relief, and helps to solve the difficult problem of execution. To ensure the realization of the legal rights of the parties concerned. Compared with the mature legislation of other countries, there are still many deficiencies in our civil execution property reporting system. From the legislative point of view, the main problems are that the reporting obligor is not specific enough, the starting procedure is not reasonable, the limitation is lacking, the content of the report is not clear, and the responsibility and obligation are not symmetrical, and so on. In the judicial practice, the enforcement court does not pay enough attention to it, the court lacks the means to report and audit, and it can not timely and effectively punish the illegal reporting obligation. First of all, it is necessary to clarify the property reporting obligor, standardize the reporting procedure, establish a realistic and feasible prescription system, and set up punishment means of combining leniency and severity, so as to provide a reasonable and legal basis for the operation of the system in legislation; secondly, Courts at all levels should pay more attention to the system, enrich the means of property reporting, broaden the channels for the parties to report property, establish an information sharing mechanism that is compatible with the system, and facilitate the courts' examination and verification of property reports. And endow the court with more punishment powers to ensure that the court can legally and effectively punish the party who violates the system. Finally, we should improve the relevant supporting measures, including the establishment of a system of integrity throughout the society. Strengthen the supervision of the masses and provide a better external environment for the effective implementation of the civil execution property reporting system.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.1

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