我国民事强制执行制度的检讨与完善

发布时间：2018-08-03 07:16

【摘要】：民事强制执行制度的发展在哲学上深受人文主义与理性主义的影响,在这一理论的指导下要求当事人依靠自己的理性去分析判断是否愿意借助公权力实现自己的债权。为了迫使被执行人履行司法裁判等各种具有法律性质文书所规定的内容,国家公权力的介入最具权威性和强制性。然而,伴随着市场经济的发展,民事纠纷的类型和数量会有很大变化,为了满足现实的需要,必须打破原先在民事诉讼法中以执行编配合其他司法解释的立法方式,制定专门的民事强制执行法。参考国外的立法经验可知,民事强制执行制度是以民事强制执行权为核心的制度设计。它主要包含五个方面的内容：民事强制执行权、民事强制执行机构、民事强制执行的运行程序以及此过程中检察院的监督权和相关责任的追究机制。民事强制执行权是一种独立的复合性国家公权力,虽然它兼有行政权和司法权的某些特点,但也不能完全等同于这两项权力。而在执行权的运行过程中主要面临三个方面的难题：被执行人财产难以发现,执行机构协调层面的效率低下,执行人员的力量薄弱。同时必须认识到：国家公权力的介入,一方面可以起到执行快捷等积极效果；另一方面在司法实践领域也容易出现由于缺乏有效的监督和制约机制,公权力对当事人和利害关系人合法权益造成侵害。因此,我国民事强制执行制度在保障司法裁判得以实现的同时还必须兼顾执行过程中的程序正义,谋求被执行人的人性关怀,以求法律效果和社会效果的统一。
[Abstract]:The development of civil enforcement system is deeply influenced by humanism and rationalism in philosophy. Under the guidance of this theory, the parties are required to rely on their own rationality to analyze and judge whether they are willing to make use of public power to realize their creditor's rights. In order to force the executor to perform the contents stipulated in various legal instruments, such as judicial decisions, the intervention of state public power is the most authoritative and mandatory. However, with the development of the market economy, the type and quantity of civil disputes will change greatly. Make a special civil enforcement law. Referring to the legislative experience of foreign countries, the civil enforcement system is the system design with the civil enforcement power as the core. It mainly includes five aspects: the civil enforcement authority, the civil enforcement agency, the operation procedure of civil enforcement and the mechanism of the procuratorate's supervision power and related responsibility in the process. Civil enforcement power is an independent and complex state public power. Although it has some characteristics of both executive power and judicial power, it can not be completely equal to these two powers. There are three main difficulties in the operation of executive power: the property of the person executed is difficult to find, the efficiency of the executive organization coordination level is low, and the force of the executor is weak. At the same time, it must be recognized that the intervention of the public power of the state can, on the one hand, have positive effects such as quick execution; on the other hand, in the field of judicial practice, it is easy to appear because of the lack of effective supervision and restriction mechanisms. Public power infringes upon the legitimate rights and interests of the parties and interested parties. Therefore, the civil enforcement system of our country should not only guarantee the realization of the judicial judgment, but also take into account the procedural justice in the process of execution, and seek the human care of the person being executed in order to achieve the unity of the legal effect and the social effect.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.1

【共引文献】