行政检察建议研究

发布时间：2018-08-11 17:42

【摘要】：行政检察建议是检察机关运用检察权监督行政行为、预防和减少行政违法行为的一种方式。行政检察建议作为检察监督的手段可以分为预防职务犯罪类的行政检察建议、法律监督类的行政检察建议和诉讼参与类的行政检察建议。行政检察建议制度的存在有一定的正当性。从理论方面来看，权力制约理论要求行政权力的运行需要其他的权力体系予以制衡，这样才能防止行政权力在运行过程中无限制的扩张或滥用，而检察监督理论要求检察机关作为我国的专门法律监督机关，，肩负起监督行政权运行的整个过程。从现行法律来看，宪法、法律、司法解释、地方性法规和规范性法律文件都对行政检察建议制度有所涉及，对行政检察建议在实施过程中需要注意的问题和遵循的流程有概括式的规定，这表明行政检察建议制度具有合法性。从现实状况来看，检察机关作为专门的法律监督机关，对行政执法行为的监督主要是通过抗诉这一形式实现的，这种监督方式过于单一无法满足检察机关的法律监督职能，仅仅将对行政执法行为的监督局限于事后监督，缩小了检察监督的范围，也影响了法律监督效率。行政检察建议制度经历了一个从建立、消失再重建的过程。对近年来行政检察建议制度的实践情况进行分析后发现，行政检察建议在地方检察实践中取得了很大的成就：行政检察建议制发数量逐年上升，被建议的机关对行政检察建议的回复率较高，这对规范行政机关的执法行为、完善机关内部的政策制度、预防职务犯罪活动起到了积极作用。但是，由于目前没有一个统一的法律对行政检察建议制度加以规范，地方检察机关依据本地制定的工作细则，甚至依据检察机关工作人员的主观想法制发行政检察建议，从而导致建议书在格式上不规范，监督效果也无法得到保障。行政检察建议作为检察机关的法律监督方式，缺乏相应的配套机制，无法与其他行政监督方式形成一个完整的监督体系。因此，落实行政检察建议制度，保障行政检察建议的实施效果，必须完善相关法律，为行政检察建议制度提供统一的、具布可操作性的法律依据。对行政检察建议的适用范围、程序及内容格式加以规范，完善备案制度和责任制度，建立行政检察建议的配套机制，将行政检察监督与其他行政监督方式有机结合起来，从而达到规范行政执法行为的目的。
[Abstract]:Administrative procuratorial suggestion is a way for procuratorial organs to use procuratorial power to supervise administrative actions and to prevent and reduce administrative illegal acts. As a means of procuratorial supervision, administrative procuratorial suggestions can be divided into administrative procuratorial suggestions for the prevention of job-related crimes, administrative procuratorial suggestions for legal supervision and administrative procuratorial suggestions for litigation participation. The existence of administrative procuratorial suggestion system has some legitimacy. Theoretically, the theory of power restriction requires that the operation of administrative power should be balanced by other power systems, so as to prevent the unlimited expansion or abuse of administrative power in the course of operation. The theory of procuratorial supervision requires the procuratorial organ as the specialized legal supervision organ to shoulder the whole process of supervising the operation of administrative power. From the current law point of view, the constitution, the law, the judicial interpretation, the local regulations and the normative legal documents are all related to the system of administrative procuratorial proposals. There are some general regulations on the problems and flow of administrative procuratorial suggestion in the process of implementation, which indicates that the system of administrative procuratorial suggestion has legitimacy. Judging from the reality, the procuratorial organ, as a special legal supervision organ, mainly realizes the supervision of administrative law enforcement behavior through protest. This kind of supervision method is too single to satisfy the procuratorial organ's legal supervision function. Only the supervision of administrative law enforcement behavior is limited to ex post supervision, which reduces the scope of procuratorial supervision and affects the efficiency of legal supervision. Administrative procuratorial suggestion system has gone through a process of establishment, disappearance and reconstruction. After analyzing the practice of the administrative procuratorial suggestion system in recent years, it is found that the administrative procuratorial suggestion has made great achievements in the local procuratorial practice: the number of administrative procuratorial suggestions has increased year by year. The response rate of the suggested organs to the administrative procuratorial suggestions is high, which has played a positive role in standardizing the law enforcement behavior of the administrative organs, perfecting the internal policies and systems of the organs, and preventing the job-related crimes. However, as there is no unified law to standardize the administrative procuratorial proposal system, local procuratorial organs issue administrative procuratorial proposals according to the working rules formulated locally, or even according to the subjective ideas of the procuratorial staff. As a result, the proposal in the format is not standardized, supervision effect can not be guaranteed. As the legal supervision mode of the procuratorial organ, the administrative procuratorial suggestion lacks the corresponding supporting mechanism and can't form a complete supervision system with other administrative supervision methods. Therefore, to carry out the administrative procuratorial suggestion system and ensure the implementation effect of the administrative procuratorial suggestion, we must perfect the relevant laws and provide a unified and operable legal basis for the administrative procuratorial suggestion system. Standardizing the scope of application, procedure and content format of administrative procuratorial proposals, perfecting the filing system and responsibility system, establishing a supporting mechanism for administrative procuratorial proposals, organically combining administrative procuratorial supervision with other administrative supervision methods, In order to achieve the goal of standardizing administrative law enforcement.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.3;D926.3

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