由案例引发的不起诉效力研究

发布时间：2018-08-28 10:50

【摘要】：不起诉的法律效力关系到刑事诉讼基本理念的贯彻落实，但目前我国却普遍疏于对不起诉的法律效力进行整体性评价。由于我国不起诉的法律效力不明确，致使不起诉的价值没有得到充分的实现。因此，研究不起诉制度的法律效力，找出其存在的缺陷和弊端，进而提出完善建议，对立法完善和司法实践有重要意义。本文从存疑不起诉、酌定不起诉、附条件不起诉、和解不起诉四个不起诉的案件出发，引发对不起诉的法律效力的思考。通过分析发现，这四种不起诉在法律效力方面存在不同程度的问题，，诸如继续侦查行为违法，涉嫌对犯罪嫌疑人进行有罪评价，效力内容不确定，撤销不起诉决定不合理等等。对于案例中体现的问题，本文在梳理了我国现行的立法和司法解释的基础上，从合理性与合法性两个角度对相关问题进行分析，同时，在对相关问题的争议观点进行了评价后，提出了完善不起诉法律效力问题的相应观点。首先，明确不起诉仅具有程序性质，进而否定不起诉决定具有对被不起诉人进行有罪评价的效力。其次，明确不起诉的效力内容，说明附条件不起诉具有暂时停止诉讼程序的效力，以及禁止不起诉决定作出后继续实施侦查行为的理由。最后，肯定不起诉应当具有稳定的法律效力，以形成对检察机关和当事人诉讼行为的有效约束。第一，对重新启动诉讼程序进行限制，包括对证据的来源，重新起诉进行时间和次数进行限制等；第二，明确不起诉的异议主体，避免因纠正不起诉决定而影响不起诉法律效力的稳定；第三，设置相应的制约程序，避免因异议权的行使而影响不起诉决定的法律效力稳定。不同的不起诉决定具有不同的法律效力，因此，对于上述的不起诉法律效力问题，本文针对不同种类的不起诉决定提出了不同的改进措施。
[Abstract]:The legal effect of non-prosecution is related to the implementation of the basic concept of criminal procedure, but at present our country is generally neglecting to evaluate the legal effect of non-prosecution. Because the legal effect of non-prosecution in our country is not clear, the value of non-prosecution has not been fully realized. Therefore, it is of great significance for legislative perfection and judicial practice to study the legal effect of non-prosecution system, find out its defects and drawbacks, and then put forward suggestions for perfection. This paper starts from the four cases of no prosecution, no prosecution with conditions and no prosecution, which leads to the reflection on the legal effect of non-prosecution. Through analysis, it is found that these four kinds of non-prosecution have different degrees of problems in the legal effect, such as continuing to investigate illegal behavior, suspected guilty evaluation of criminal suspects, uncertain content of effectiveness, unreasonable decision to rescind non-prosecution, and so on. For the problems reflected in the case, this paper analyzes the relevant issues from the perspectives of rationality and legality on the basis of combing the current legislative and judicial interpretations of our country. At the same time, after evaluating the controversial views of the relevant issues, Put forward the corresponding viewpoint of perfecting the legal effect of non-prosecution. First of all, it is clear that non-prosecution is only procedural, and then negates that the decision of non-prosecution has the effect of evaluating the guilt of the person who is not prosecuted. Secondly, it clarifies the effective content of non-prosecution, explains that the conditional non-prosecution has the effect of suspending the proceedings, and prohibits the reason of continuing to carry out the investigation after the decision of non-prosecution is made. Finally, it is affirmed that non-prosecution should have a stable legal effect to form an effective constraint on procuratorial organs and litigants. First, to restrict the restarting of proceedings, including the source of evidence, the time and times of reprosecution, and so on; second, to clarify the main dissenting parties who do not prosecute. Avoid to correct the non-prosecution decision and affect the stability of the legal effect of non-prosecution; third, set up the corresponding restriction procedures to avoid the right of dissent to affect the legal effectiveness of non-prosecution decision stability. Different non-prosecution decisions have different legal effects. Therefore, for the above-mentioned legal effects of non-prosecution, this paper puts forward different improvement measures for different types of non-prosecution decisions.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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