侦查阶段被害人权利保护研究

发布时间：2018-08-28 19:14

【摘要】：随着《世界人权宣言》颁布实施,近年来,国际人权事业得到了飞速的发展,世界各国越来越的重视与关注人权保护。在刑事诉讼过程中,表现为犯罪嫌疑人、被告人合法权利保护研究越来越深入,形成了完善的保护体系,犯罪嫌疑人、被告人得到了全方位的保护。然而,与此相对应的是,作为刑事案件被侵害的被害人,在侦查阶段为侦查机关提供案件的证据,配合侦查机关侦查破案,除此之外,其合法权利几乎得不到司法机关的任何保护。随着二十世纪被害人学的兴起,被害人的合法权利日益受到关注,各国开始逐渐认识到被害人权利保护的重要性,逐步展开被害人权利保护工作,并在法律法规中进行落实。侦查阶段是刑事诉讼的第一个阶段,在侦查阶段做好被害人权利保护工作对整个刑事诉讼的进程起着十分重要的作用,对于查明案情、保障刑事诉讼的顺利实施起着至关重要的作用,从另一方面也体现了对于人权的保障。目前,世界一些主要国家和地区在被害人权利保护方面的研究比较深入,代表着世界发展的方向,美国、德国、日本、中国台湾在被害人权利保护方面成就突出,制定了专门用于保护被害人权利的法律,对被害人权利的保护比较全面,处于世界领先水平。和世界主要地区和国家相比,我国没有制定专门保护被害人权利的法律,关于被害人权利保护的内容分散在各个法律及相关司法解释之中,存在着律师帮助权缺失的问题,在知情权、隐私权、被害人财产返还权的规定还不尽完善,不利于保护被害人的合法权利。在司法实践中,被害人虽然被列为诉讼当事人,却无法有效参与诉讼,一方面侦查机关唯上论、唯考核论的侦查导向使得不被列为考核范围的案件被害人难以通过破案维护自己的合法权利,另外一方面侦查机关在询问过程中不注重被害人的心理感受又导致了被害人的“二次被害”。我国被害人权利保护不足的原因是多方面的,主要有立法原因、传统诉讼观念的根深蒂固、我国侦查模式的原因以及主管认识的偏差,针对上述原因,在立法上我国应该在侦查阶段落实被害人的律师帮助权、完善被害人的知情权、财产返还权、隐私权;在司法实践中,侦查机关要树立科学的侦查导向,并对询问的方式方法进行完善,最后,还要塑造被害人与犯罪嫌疑人权利保障的均衡关系,唯有如此,方能对被害人进行全方位的保护。
[Abstract]:With the promulgation and implementation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in recent years, the cause of international human rights has been rapidly developed, and more countries in the world attach importance to and pay attention to the protection of human rights. In the process of criminal proceedings, criminal suspects, defendants legal rights of the more and more in-depth research, formed a perfect protection system, criminal suspects, defendants have been all-round protection. However, in contrast, as victims of criminal cases being infringed, they provide evidence for the investigation organs during the investigation stage and cooperate with the investigative organs to solve the cases. In addition, Their legal rights are almost unprotected by the judiciary. With the rise of victim science in the 20th century, the legal rights of victims are paid more and more attention. Countries begin to realize the importance of the protection of victims' rights, and gradually develop the protection of victims' rights, and implement them in laws and regulations. The investigation stage is the first stage of the criminal procedure. Doing a good job in the protection of the rights of the victims in the investigation stage plays a very important role in the whole process of the criminal procedure, and it is very important for ascertaining the circumstances of the case. Ensuring the smooth implementation of criminal procedure plays a vital role, and on the other hand, it also embodies the protection of human rights. At present, some major countries and regions in the world have done more in-depth research on the protection of the rights of victims, representing the direction of development in the world. The United States, Germany, Japan, and Taiwan have made outstanding achievements in the protection of victims' rights. The law specially used to protect the rights of the victims is formulated, and the protection of the rights of the victims is relatively comprehensive and is in the leading level in the world. Compared with the major regions and countries of the world, our country has not formulated laws specifically to protect the rights of victims. The contents of the protection of the rights of victims are scattered in various laws and related judicial interpretations, and there is the problem of the lack of lawyers' right to help. The provisions of the right to know, the right to privacy and the right to return the victim's property are not perfect, which is not conducive to the protection of the victim's legal rights. In judicial practice, although victims are listed as litigants, they are unable to participate in the proceedings effectively. Due to the investigation orientation of the examination-only theory, it is difficult for the victims of the cases that are not listed as the scope of the examination to defend their legal rights by solving the cases. On the other hand, the investigation organization does not pay attention to the psychological feelings of the victim in the process of questioning, which leads to the victim's "second victimization". There are many reasons for the insufficient protection of the rights of victims in our country, including legislative reasons, deep-rooted traditional litigation concepts, the reasons of the investigation mode and the deviation of the supervisor's understanding, aiming at the above reasons. In legislation, our country should implement the victim's right to help the lawyer in the investigation stage, perfect the victim's right to know, return the property and the right to privacy; in the judicial practice, the investigative organ should establish the scientific investigation direction, And the ways and means of questioning are improved, and finally, the balanced relationship between victims and criminal suspects' rights protection should be shaped. Only in this way, can the victims be protected in all directions.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

【相似文献】