在我国明确无罪推定原则的思考

发布时间：2018-10-08 17:43

【摘要】：中国确立无罪推定原则主要背景为我国日益发展的法治建设需要。从历史角度审视刑事诉讼法,可知：刑事诉讼法立法意义在于追究犯罪分子的刑事责任。在刑事责任追究过程中,我国立法存在最突出的问题便是一味强调犯罪事实的真实性,而忽略了程序正当的重要意义。我国刑事立法体系立法取向非常明确,即“控制犯罪”,使得我国引入的无罪推定原则在我国的立法层面和司法实践中没有真正确立。一是作为保障人权的沉默权没有确立；二是体现司法公正的辩护权没有充分行使。直以来,围绕无罪推定原则是否应该和能够适用于我国刑事审判的争论,是法学理论界十分关注的课题。目前无罪推定原则在我国的适用还没有个明确的认识,建设中国特色社会主义法治国家,如何去适用无罪推定原则,是广大法律工作者应该思考的问题。从本质上分析,我们可以将“无罪推定”原则视为一个制度设计问题,然而我们更可以将该原则视为一个人意识层面的东西。“罪行法定”的根本立法追求在于为国民创造一个良好的法治氛围,提供国民的法治意识与法律观念。在刑事立法过程中,程序正当极其重要,只有真正保障刑法程序的正当性,才能真正实现维护相关当事人合法权益的目的。一方面我国现行法律的修改,特别是《刑事诉讼法》的修改已经为我国确立无罪推定原则打好了基础,提供了契机。另一方面我国司法体制的不断改革,进一步完善我国刑事立法体系,明确人民法院、人民检察院与公安机构三者之间的不同职责,强化司法人员对无罪推定原则的思维。因此,在研究无罪推定原则在中国的适用基础上,阐述无罪推定原则在我国确立的重要性和必要性,提出了从立法上和司法实践中去构建我国的无罪推定原则。
[Abstract]:The main background of establishing presumption of innocence principle in China is the need of our country's increasingly developing rule of law construction. From the point of view of history, we can know that the legislative significance of criminal procedure law lies in investigating the criminal responsibility of criminals. In the process of criminal liability investigation, the most prominent problem in our country's legislation is to emphasize the authenticity of criminal facts and ignore the important significance of due process. The legislative orientation of our criminal legislation system is very clear, that is, "control of crime", which makes the principle of presumption of innocence not really established in our legislative level and judicial practice. First, the right to silence as a safeguard of human rights has not been established; second, the right of defense, which embodies judicial justice, has not been fully exercised. Since then, the controversy about whether the principle of presumption of innocence should and can be applied to criminal trial in China has been a subject of great concern in the field of legal theory. At present, the principle of presumption of innocence in our country has not been clearly understood. How to apply the principle of presumption of innocence in building a socialist country ruled by law with Chinese characteristics is a problem that should be considered by legal workers. In essence, we can regard the principle of presumption of innocence as a problem of system design, but we can also regard it as a matter of consciousness. The basic legislative pursuit of "crime statutory" lies in creating a good atmosphere of rule of law for the people, and providing the national consciousness of rule of law and legal idea. In the process of criminal legislation, the procedure is very important. Only by ensuring the legitimacy of the criminal law procedure, can the aim of safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the relevant parties be realized. On the one hand, the revision of our current law, especially the revision of Criminal procedure Law, has laid a good foundation for establishing the principle of presumption of innocence in our country. On the other hand, the continuous reform of our judicial system, further improve our criminal legislation system, clear the people's court, people's procuratorate and public security organs between different duties, strengthen the judicial personnel of the principle of presumption of innocence thinking. Therefore, on the basis of studying the application of presumption of innocence in China, this paper expounds the importance and necessity of establishing the principle of presumption of innocence in China, and puts forward the construction of the principle of presumption of innocence in legislation and judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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