我国案例指导制度定位问题研究

发布时间：2018-10-31 15:08

【摘要】：案例指导制度是建立在我国的历史文化、基本国情、法律传统基础之上的一种创新制度;是司法改革的过程中,弥补成文法抽象、滞后的缺点的重要方式;是加强法律监督,规范自由裁量权,保证法律准确适用,保障司法公正的重要举措。案例指导制度更是经过严格的遴选标准、遴选程序,经过清理、编纂后由最高司法机关发布的指导法律适用的制度方法,是进一步统一法律适用,规范法官自由裁量权的最佳方案。案例指导制度在短短7年的实际运行时间里,不断地发展完善,也因其本身具有的成文法所不具有的具体性和灵活性等优势,在实践中显示出了其强大的生命力和司法价值。本文首先是通过实践中的具体案例引出指导性案例在实际应用之中存在的问题和不足。从地方法院对指导性案例的适用效果来看,在一定程度上反应出有些法官对案例指导制度并未真正理解与掌握,仍采取的是漠视和排斥的态度。这都是导致案例指导制度的发展遇到瓶颈的重要因素,使其在现实中处于遇冷的尴尬局面。归根到底都是最高司法机关在实施案例指导制度时,并未对指导性案例在司法实践中的具体定位给出明确的规定,只是笼统、模糊的规定“类似案件”“应当参照”或“参照”。接下来本文就针对案例指导制度的定位问题进行分析研究。定位问题主要包括性质定位问题和效力定位问题。案例指导制度性质的确定和其在实践中具有的效力问题的认识是我们建立和完善案例指导制度需首要解决的根本性问题,这也是本文论述的重点和写作的目的所在。笔者通过现在学理界和实务界对这两方面定位现存的不同观点阐述和分析,总结出我国的案例指导制度应当是具有指导法律适用的性质定位和指导性案例在实践之中应当具有事实约束力的效力定位的制度,并回归到本文提出的具体案例,结合指导性案例进行分析。
[Abstract]:Case guidance system is an innovative system based on the historical culture, basic national conditions and legal tradition of our country, and is an important way to remedy the abstract and lagged shortcomings of statutory law in the process of judicial reform. It is an important measure to strengthen the legal supervision, standardize the discretion, ensure the accurate application of the law and guarantee the judicial justice. The case guidance system is even more, through strict selection criteria, selection procedures, and the system methods for guiding the application of laws issued by the highest judicial organs after being cleared up and compiled, is to further unify the application of laws. The best way to regulate the discretion of judges. The case guidance system has been developed and perfected continuously in the short 7 years of actual operation time. It also shows its strong vitality and judicial value in practice because of its own advantages such as specificity and flexibility which the statute law does not have. In this paper, the problems and shortcomings of the practical application of the guiding cases are introduced through the practical cases. Judging from the application effect of the local court to the instructive cases, to some extent, it reflects that some judges do not really understand and master the case guidance system, and still adopt an attitude of indifference and exclusion. These are the important factors that lead to the bottleneck of the development of the case guidance system, and make it in an awkward situation which is not as expected in reality. In the final analysis, when the supreme judicial organs implemented the case guidance system, they did not give a clear definition of the specific orientation of the guiding cases in judicial practice, but only generally. Vague provisions "similar cases" shall be referred to "or" referred to ". Next, this paper analyzes and studies the orientation of case guidance system. The localization problem mainly includes the nature localization problem and the effectiveness localization problem. The determination of the nature of the case guidance system and the understanding of its effectiveness in practice are the fundamental problems that need to be solved to establish and perfect the case guidance system, which is also the focus of this paper and the purpose of writing. The author expounds and analyzes the existing different viewpoints on these two aspects through the present academic and practical circles. It is concluded that the case guidance system of our country should be the one that has the nature orientation of guiding the application of the law and that the guiding case should be legally binding in practice, and return to the concrete case proposed in this paper. Combined with guidance case analysis.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926

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