未成年人刑事案件人格调查制度研究

发布时间：2018-12-17 22:31

【摘要】：未成年人刑事案件人格调查制度是指公安机关、人民检察院、人民法院在办理未成年人刑事案件时,在对基本犯罪事实调查的基础上,对未成年人犯罪的非法律因素进行全面的调查,进而对未成年犯罪嫌疑人、被告人进行评估、分析的制度。人格调查制度的存在和发展依赖于夯实的理论基础,包括犯罪人格理论、刑罚个别化理论、教育刑理论、再社会化理论等,该制度对实现未成年人犯罪的特殊预防、犯罪未成年人回归社会、未成年人犯罪的社会治理和未成年人的人权保护有重要的价值。未成年人刑事案件人格调查制度无论是在英美法系国家,还是大陆法系国家均有不同程度的规定。域外各国对人格调查制度的规定虽各不相同,但它们也有共同之处,各国的法律规定可操作性强,对未成年人人格调查工作安排了专门人员进行,人格调查报告的内容设计合理,划分了不同的适用阶段,制定法律规范了人格调查制度的程序。目前我国的未成年人人格调查制度无论是在法律规定中还是司法实践中,都存在着一定的问题。司法解释和部门规章中对未成年人人格调查制度作了规定,2012年修订的《刑事诉讼法》在刑事立法中首次对人格调查制度进行规定,但在刑事实体法方面仍是空白,在实践中人格调查制度存在着调查主体规定混乱、人格调查制度适用范围受限、调查报告性质不明、调查方法落后、调查程序缺失等问题。对于人格调查制度在我国立法和实务中存在的问题,我们应该从多方面进行完善。比如,明确人格调查制度的原则,包括全面调查原则、双向保护原则、客观中立原则;完善调查主体,确立统一的调查主体,提高调查主体的调查能力,明确调查主体的权利及义务;扩大人格调查的适用范围及明确人格调查报告的法律性质;完善调查的方法,包括一般调查方法和特殊调查方法;构建完整的调查程序,不仅包括调查程序的启动和适用,还要加强对调查的审判和监督。
[Abstract]:The system of investigating the personality of juvenile criminal cases refers to the public security organs, people's procuratorates and people's courts, when dealing with juvenile criminal cases, on the basis of the investigation of the basic criminal facts, The non-legal factors of juvenile delinquency are investigated comprehensively, and the system of evaluation and analysis of juvenile criminal suspects and defendants is carried out. The existence and development of personality investigation system depends on the solid theoretical foundation, including the theory of criminal personality, the theory of individualization of punishment, the theory of educational punishment, the theory of re-socialization and so on. It is of great value for juvenile delinquency to return to society, the social management of juvenile delinquency and the protection of minors' human rights. The personality investigation system of juvenile criminal cases has different regulations in both Anglo-American law countries and civil law countries. Although the provisions of the personality investigation system vary from country to country, they also have common points. The legal provisions of each country are operable, and specialized personnel are arranged to carry out the investigation of the personality of minors. The content of personality investigation report is designed reasonably, different applicable stages are divided, and the procedure of personality investigation system is regulated by law. At present, there are some problems in the investigation system of minors' personality in law and judicial practice. The system of investigating the personality of minors is provided for in judicial interpretation and departmental regulations. The Criminal procedure Law, as amended in 2012, provides for the system of personality investigation for the first time in criminal legislation, but remains blank in the area of criminal substantive law. In practice, there are some problems in personality investigation system, such as confusion of the subject of investigation, limited scope of application of personality investigation system, unclear nature of investigation report, backward investigation method, lack of investigation procedure and so on. We should perfect the personality investigation system from many aspects. For example, make clear the principle of personality investigation system, including the principle of comprehensive investigation, the principle of bidirectional protection, the principle of objective neutrality; Improve the subject of investigation, establish a unified subject of investigation, improve the investigative ability of the subject, clarify the rights and obligations of the subject of investigation, expand the scope of application of personality investigation and clarify the legal nature of the report of personality investigation; Perfecting the methods of investigation, including general investigation method and special investigation method, constructing the complete investigation procedure, not only including the initiation and application of the investigation procedure, but also strengthening the trial and supervision of the investigation.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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