我国未成年人刑事案件社会调查制度研究

发布时间：2018-12-18 01:47

【摘要】：未成年人代表着祖国的未来、民族的希望,肩负着实现中华民族伟大复兴的重任。但是由于未成年人的生理、心理都不成熟,容易受到不良的影响,使其在社会生活中容易做出某些法律上禁止的行为,有些未成年人就会步入歧途,出现了刑事犯罪。对于未成年人犯罪与矫治,世界各国在司法实践中的看法基本是一致的,即教育为主,惩罚为辅。要想矫治更具有针对性,那么就需要找到未成年人犯罪的真正原因,而社会调查就是在发现其犯罪的真正原因,从而帮助未成年人确立一个具有可行性的矫治方法。《联合国少年司法最低限度标准规则》(以下简称《北京规则》),确立了未成年人刑事案件社会调查的司法标准,从调查主体、调查范围、调查程序等方面对未成年人的合法权益进行了保护。自我国加入《北京规则》以来,一直积极探索和完善未成年人刑事案件社会调查制度。在2012年修订的《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》(以下简称《刑事诉讼法》)中,首次将未成年人刑事案件社会调查制度纳入法律之中,各地随之进行了实践探索,但是在司法运行过程中该制度的立法及司法方面仍存有一些不足之处,需要进行修改及完善。未成年人刑事案件社会调查制度就是在人民法院判决宣告前,由专门机构或人员通过走访未成年犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的监护人、就读学校、社区居民等,对未成年人的性格特点及其生活、对社会环境的依存关系进行调查,并对其人身危险性和再犯罪可能性进行评估,将调查与评估报告提交法院,供法院在量刑时予以参考的制度。犯罪人格理论、刑法个别化理论、再社会化理论是其存在的基础。就我国目前的现状来讲,立法方面进行了规定,司法方面进行了探索,但是仍然存在调查主体不统一、调查范围不全面、调查程序不规范、调查监督不到位等问题。我国为了更好地完善调查制度,需要向其他国家进行合理借鉴,借鉴其他国家的有益经验。为完善未成年人刑事案件社会调查制度,应当以客观中立、全面调查、双向保护为原则,在此基础上,完善具体的实施方法。
[Abstract]:Minors represent the future of the motherland, the hope of the nation, shoulder the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. However, because the minors' physiology and psychology are not mature, they are easily influenced by the bad influence, which makes them easy to make some behaviors prohibited by law in the social life, and some minors will go astray and appear criminal offenses. As to juvenile delinquency and correction, countries all over the world hold the same view in judicial practice, that is, education is the main thing, and punishment is secondary. In order to be more targeted, it is necessary to find out the real causes of juvenile delinquency, and social investigation is to find out the real causes of their crimes. Thus, to help minors establish a feasible method of correction. The United Nations Standard minimum rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice (hereinafter referred to as the Beijing rules) and the judicial standard for social investigation of juvenile criminal cases have been established. The legal rights and interests of minors are protected from the subject, scope and procedure of investigation. Since China joined the Beijing rules, it has been actively exploring and perfecting the social investigation system of juvenile criminal cases. In the Criminal procedure Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "the Criminal procedure Law"), revised in 2012, the social investigation system of juvenile criminal cases was brought into the law for the first time. However, in the course of judicial operation, there are still some deficiencies in the legislation and judicature of the system, which need to be modified and perfected. The system of social investigation of juvenile criminal cases is that before the people's court makes a judgment, the specialized agencies or personnel visit the juvenile criminal suspects, the guardians of the defendants, the schools, the community residents, etc. Investigating the personality characteristics of minors and their lives, the interdependence of the social environment, assessing their personal risk and the possibility of reoffending, and submitting the investigation and assessment report to the courts, A system for the courts to refer to in sentencing. The theory of criminal personality, the theory of individualization of criminal law and the theory of re-socialization are the basis of its existence. As far as the present situation of our country is concerned, the legislation has been stipulated and the judicial aspect has been explored, but there are still some problems such as the disunity of the subject of investigation, the incomplete scope of investigation, the non-standard procedure of investigation, the lack of supervision of investigation and so on. In order to perfect the investigation system, our country needs to learn from other countries reasonably and draw lessons from the beneficial experiences of other countries. In order to perfect the social investigation system of juvenile criminal cases, we should take objective neutrality, comprehensive investigation and bidirectional protection as the principles. On this basis, we should perfect the concrete implementation methods.
【学位授予单位】：吉林财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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