如实供述问题研究

发布时间：2019-03-07 10:32

【摘要】：如实供述,是犯罪嫌疑人应当承担的义务,是坦白的主要内容,是自首的构成要件之一,虽然法律和司法解释对犯罪嫌疑人如实回答、坦白和自首分别做出规定,但是理论上并没有以如实供述为主线,对如实供述进行全面、系统的分析,司法实践中对如实供述的理解和把握存在诸多不一致。因此,有必要专门对如实供述深入研究。文章包含四个部分:第一部分如实供述的概述。该部分介绍如实供述的历史沿革、法律规定和理论基础,指出如实供述从封建社会延续至今,具有悠久的历史渊源,如实供述自产生之日起,一直是自首和坦白的核心内容。现行法律沿袭如实供述规定,并在如实供述的基础上设计出如实回答义务,坦白和自首三项制度。如实供述的立法设计具有极大的功利主义价值取向,有利于节约司法资源、改造罪犯、修复社会关系,但是与沉默权存在价值悖论。第二部分如实供述的基本内容。该部分从如实供述的时间、范围和标准三个方面对如实供述展开系统分析。第一,如实供述的时间方面,自首的如实供述要求犯罪嫌疑人必须在第一次讯问时即交代主要犯罪事实;坦白的如实供述则可以将交代罪行的时间推至庭审中。第二,如实供述的范围方面,侦查人员的提问对供述范围有一定影响,一罪和数罪中供述范围也不尽相同。第三,如实供述的标准方面,犯罪嫌疑人根据自己的认识和记忆对案件事实做出符合主观认识和客观事实的供述,即可认定供述的“如实性”。第三部分如实供述认定的疑难问题。第一,犯罪嫌疑人的供述存在反复的,应当根据如实供述的时间标准进行认定。如实供述的认定应当基于一审事实,不能根据二审被告人翻供的事实改变一审关于如实供述的认定。第二,连续犯应根据已交代的犯罪事实与未交代的犯罪事实的危害程度认定如实供述;牵连犯、吸收犯应当根据异种数罪认定如实供述的方法进行判定。第三,连累犯供述己罪之外他人的犯罪行为、毒品犯罪分子供述毒品上下家、共同犯罪人对同案犯实行过限行为的供述均超出己罪的供述范围,可以另行构成自首或立功。第四,犯罪嫌疑人否认主观故意,对主观心态辩解的,不具备如实性,不能认定为如实供述。第四部分如实供述的立法完善和司法改进。第一,被采取强制措施的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人以及在押的罪犯,供述司法机关尚未掌握的“同种罪行”的,应当认定为余罪自首。第二,将“法律、事实上密切关联的罪行”包含于“同种罪行”属于不利于被告人的扩张解释,应当摒弃。第三,超出如实供述范围另行构成自首或立功具备理论基础、符合立法本意,应当依法予以认定。第四,将如实供述的定量分析和定性分析相区分,从定量分析角度建立与如实供述的时间、范围和标准相适应的梯度从轻、减轻处罚模型。
[Abstract]:Truthful confession is the duty of a criminal suspect, the main content of confession, and one of the constituent elements of surrender. Although the legal and judicial interpretations provide for the criminal suspect to answer truthfully, confess and surrender, respectively, However, there are many inconsistencies in the understanding and grasp of truthful confession in judicial practice, which is not based on the main line of truthful confession in theory, and makes a comprehensive and systematic analysis of truthful confession. Therefore, it is necessary to study the truthful confession in depth. The article consists of four parts: the first part is an overview of truthful confessions. This part introduces the historical evolution, legal provisions and theoretical basis of truthful confession, and points out that truthful confession has a long historical origin from feudal society until now. Truthful confession has been the core content of surrender and confession since its emergence. The present law follows the provisions of truthful confession and designs three systems of truthfully answering obligation, confessing and surrendering on the basis of truthful confession. The legislation design with truthful confession has a great utilitarian value orientation, which is beneficial to saving judicial resources, reforming criminals and repairing social relations. However, there is a value paradox with the right of silence. The second part is the basic content of the truthful confession. This part makes a systematic analysis of the truthful confession from three aspects: the time, the range and the standard. First, in terms of the time of the truthful confession, the confession requires the suspect to confess the main criminal facts at the first interrogation, and the frank and truthful confession can put the time of the confession to the trial. Second, the scope of truthful confession, investigators' questions have a certain impact on the scope of confession, one crime and several crimes in the scope of confession is not always the same. Third, in terms of the standard of truthful confession, the criminal suspect can identify the "truthfulness" of the confession by making a statement according to his own knowledge and memory to the facts of the case, which is in accordance with the subjective and objective facts. The third part truthfully confesses to identify the difficult problems. First, if there are repeated confessions of criminal suspects, they shall be identified according to the time standard of truthful confessions. The confirmation of truthful confession should be based on the facts of the first instance, and the confirmation of the truthful confession of the first instance should not be changed according to the facts of the confession retracted by the accused in the second instance. Second, the continuous crime should confirm the true confession according to the degree of harm of the criminal fact and the unexplained crime fact, and the implicated crime, the absorbing crime should be judged according to the method of determining the true confession according to the dissimilar number crime. Third, even recidivism confesses other people's criminal acts other than self-offenses, drug criminals confess that drugs go up and down, and the confessions of co-offenders to accomplices are beyond the scope of confessions of their own crimes, which may constitute surrender or meritorious service. Fourth, the suspect denies subjective intention, justifies the subjective mentality, does not have the reality, cannot be regarded as the truthful confession. The fourth part is the perfection of legislation and judicial improvement of truthful confession. First, if a suspect, a defendant or a criminal in custody, who has been taken coercive measures, confesses "the same type of crime" which the judicial organ has not yet mastered, he shall be deemed to have surrendered himself as a residual crime. Second, the inclusion of "de jure, de facto, closely related crimes" in "the same crime" is an expanded interpretation against the accused and should be abandoned. Third, beyond the scope of truthful confession, surrender or meritorious service has a theoretical basis, in line with the legislative intent, should be recognized in accordance with the law. Fourthly, the quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis of truthful confessions are distinguished, and the model of mitigating punishment is set up from the angle of quantitative analysis, which is suitable to the time, range and standard of truthful confession.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D925.2

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