审查逮捕中社会危险性证明实证研究

发布时间：2019-04-17 18:23

【摘要】：审查逮捕中“社会危险性”条件(1996年《刑事诉讼法》称为“逮捕必要性”要件)的理解和适用,是理论界和实务界争议较大的问题。有些学者认为,“社会危险性”包括了妨碍刑事诉讼程序顺利进行与继续危害社会的两个方面的危险性的内容。有些学者指出,“社会危险性”的内容应从犯罪行为的性质、保障刑事诉讼程序正常进行的可能性、继续犯罪的可能性、犯罪嫌疑人和被告人的自身生理与心理条件等的情况加以审视。较为普遍的观点则认为,所谓“社会危险性”,包括了罪行危险性和人身危险性两个方面的内容;其中,人身危险性又包括再次犯罪的可能性与妨碍刑事诉讼的可能性两个方面的内容。只有具有法律规定的“社会危险性”情形,以及采取取保候审、监视居住不足以防止这种社会危险性的发生的情况下,才能适用逮捕措施。2012年3月14日,十一届全国人民代表大会第五次会议审议通过了《关于修改中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法的决定》,对“社会危险性”进行了相对细化的规定,使得司法实践的可操作性有了一定的提升;然而,它并没有对“社会危险性”的证据依据、证明程度及其程序保障等一系列问题作出进一步的明确性、规范性的规定,公安机关对于社会危险性证明的相关证据材料的收集与整理的重视程度依然不高,使得检察机关对于“社会危险性”要件的分析与审查仍旧陷于“无米之炊”的尴尬境地。司法实践中,办案人员的自由裁量空间依旧很大,在审查逮捕中关于“社会危险性”的实质性分析与认证情况依旧不令人乐观。社会危险性的证明,是一个整体、综合的分析与认证过程,必然要遵循一般的逻辑法则;也总是要从一定的客观事实与行为要素出发,它既要从微观层面逐一审查,也要在宏观角度予以整体把握。本文试图从实证出发,发现和把握当前社会危险性证明存在的一些问题及其原因,进而提出相应的改革建议,为社会危险性证明机制的完善略尽绵力。本文共分为三个部分:第一部分,以G省Q州两级人民检察院2011年—2014年7月份的审查逮捕实践的相关情况为数据基础,分析其在审查逮捕中关于“无社会危险性”的相关数据情况;并重点考察其在修改后的《刑事诉讼法》自2013年1月1日正式实施以来的社会危险性证明的相关情况;从而,发现与把握审查逮捕过程中社会危险性证明存在的现实困境。第二部分,则围绕发现的审查逮捕逮捕过程中社会危险性证明存在的现实困境,并结合自身的司法实践,阐述了造成社会危险性证明诸多问题的原因。第三部分,在较大程度上相对准确地把握社会危险性证明的症结的基础之上,借鉴相关制度的内容和实践经验;提出了关于完善社会危险性证明的主体责任、标准设定、规范以及程序设计等方面的具体举措。
[Abstract]:It is a controversial issue in theory and practice to examine the understanding and application of the condition of "social danger" in arrest (the criminal procedure law of 1996 is called "the necessity of arrest"). Some scholars believe that the "social danger" includes two dangerous aspects that hinder the smooth conduct of criminal proceedings and continue to endanger the society. Some scholars have pointed out that the content of "social danger" should guarantee the possibility of normal conduct of criminal proceedings and the possibility of continuing to commit crimes from the nature of a criminal act. Criminal suspects and defendants of their own physical and psychological conditions to be examined. The more common view is that the so-called "social danger" includes two aspects: criminal danger and personal danger; Personal danger also includes the possibility of re-crime and the possibility of obstructing criminal proceedings. Arrest measures can be applied only in cases of "social danger" provided for by law, as well as in cases where bail-outs are not sufficient to prevent the occurrence of such a social hazard. 14 March 2012, The Fifth session of the Eleventh National people's Congress deliberated and adopted the decision on amending the Criminal procedure Law of the people's Republic of China, which provides relatively detailed provisions on the "social danger". The maneuverability of judicial practice has been promoted to a certain extent; However, it does not provide further clarity and normative provisions on a range of issues such as the "social hazard" evidence, the extent of proof and its procedural safeguards, The public security organs still pay little attention to the collection and collation of relevant evidence materials of social hazard proof, which makes the procuratorial organ's analysis and examination of the elements of "social danger" still fall into the awkward situation of "making a meal without rice". In judicial practice, there is still a lot of discretion for the caseload, and the substantial analysis and certification of "social danger" in the examination and arrest is still not optimistic. The proof of social danger is a whole, comprehensive analysis and authentication process, must follow the general logic law; We should always start from certain objective facts and behavioral elements, which should be examined one by one from the micro-level, but also from the macro-angle to grasp it as a whole. This paper tries to find out and grasp some problems and reasons of social hazard proof from the point of view of demonstration, and then puts forward corresponding reform suggestions, which will contribute a little to the perfection of the social hazard proof mechanism. This article is divided into three parts: the first part is based on the relevant information of the people's Procuratorate of Q State of G Province from 2011 to July 2014. (B) Analysis of the relevant data on "non-social danger" in the context of the review of arrests; It also focuses on the relevant situation of the proof of social danger in the revised Code of Criminal procedure since its formal implementation on January 1, 2013, so as to find and grasp the realistic predicament of the proof of social danger in the process of examination and arrest. The second part focuses on the practical dilemma of social danger proof in the process of examination and arrest, and expounds the reasons for many problems caused by social danger proof in combination with its own judicial practice. The third part, on the basis of a relatively accurate grasp of the crux of the proof of social danger, draws lessons from the content and practical experience of the relevant system; Some specific measures are put forward to improve the main responsibility, standard setting, norm and program design of the proof of social danger.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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