我国小额诉讼案件裁判的救济机制研究

发布时间：2019-04-23 14:19

【摘要】：2013年1月,修订后的民事诉讼法正式实施,小额诉讼因其能快速解决纠纷、提高司法效率、使广大民众接近正义而在各地基层法院开展起来。然而,小额诉讼程序付诸实施以来,其在各地法院的适用率并不高,远远没有达到当时立法时的预期,法院和当事人对于利用小额诉讼程序来解决纠纷的热情和积极性并不高。出现这种状况的原因,很大程度上是由于民事诉讼法仅用了一个法律条文对小额诉讼程序作出了规定,具体的适用规则都付之阙如。尤其是小额诉讼案件裁判的救济机制,自2012年民事诉讼法修改以来,学界对此就争论不休。为了弥补小额诉讼程序一审终审制产生的诸多不足,使小额诉讼程序的优势得到充分的发挥,2015年最高人民法院发布了民事诉讼法司法解释,规定了小额诉讼案件裁判的救济方式,即由当事人向原审法院申请再审的方式来进行救济。尽管,司法解释的出台确立了小额诉讼案件裁判的救济机制,然而,如何理解和适用这一规定仍有待细化和进一步研究。而且,尚且不论再审程序的效率较低,其作为一种特殊的救济程序,被适用于小额诉讼案件裁判的救济,对于程序的安定性来说也是一种极大的伤害。因此,有必要在再审程序之外设置一种普通的救济机制用于小额诉讼案件裁判的救济。本文分为以下四个部分:第一部分为我国小额诉讼案件裁判救济机制的概述部分。首先简要介绍我国小额诉讼程序的概念和特点,继而指出确立我国小额诉讼案件裁判的救济机制的必要性。第二部分为我国小额诉讼案件裁判救济机制的现状和司法困境。首先介绍了我国关于小额诉讼案件裁判救济机制的立法现状,继而指出当前小额诉讼案件裁判救济机制存在的适用上的困境,并对此进行了原因分析。第三部分为域外小额诉讼案件裁判救济机制的考察。列举了域外的动议、特殊上诉、裁判异议三种救济机制,并进行分析说明,以期对于我国小额诉讼案件裁判救济机制的构建提供启示和借鉴。第四部分为我国小额诉讼案件裁判救济机制的构建和完善。首先对当前国内就小额诉讼案件裁判救济机制的学术观点进行列举和述评,在综合分析国内各种观点和借鉴域外经验的基础上,提出完善我国小额诉讼案件裁判救济机制的具体建议,即构建裁判异议制度和再审制度相结合的救济机制。
[Abstract]:In January 2013, the revised civil procedure law was formally implemented. Because of its ability to quickly resolve disputes, improve judicial efficiency and make the general public close to justice, small litigation has been launched in grass-roots courts all over the country. However, since the small claims procedure was put into practice, its application rate in the local courts is not high, which is far from meeting the expectations of the legislation at that time. The enthusiasm and enthusiasm of the court and the parties to use the small claims procedure to resolve disputes is not high. To a large extent, the reason for this situation is that only one legal provision has been used in the civil procedure law to regulate the small claims procedure, and the specific applicable rules are absent. Especially, the remedy mechanism of adjudication of small litigation cases, since the revision of the Civil procedure Law in 2012, has been controversial in academic circles. In order to make up for the shortcomings of the first instance final trial system of small claims procedure and give full play to the advantages of small claims procedure, the Supreme people's Court issued a judicial interpretation of the Civil procedure Law in 2015. The remedy method of adjudication of small litigation cases is defined, that is to say, the parties apply to the court of first instance for retrial to carry out the relief. Although the judicial interpretation has established the remedy mechanism for the adjudication of small litigation cases, however, how to understand and apply this provision remains to be refined and further studied. Moreover, regardless of the low efficiency of the retrial procedure, as a special relief procedure, it is also a great harm to the stability of the procedure, which is applied to the relief of the adjudication of small litigation cases. Therefore, it is necessary to set up a common relief mechanism in addition to the retrial procedure to remedy the adjudication of small litigation cases. This paper is divided into the following four parts: the first part is the summary of the judicial relief mechanism of small litigation cases in China. This paper first briefly introduces the concept and characteristics of the small claims procedure in our country, and then points out the necessity of establishing the relief mechanism for the adjudication of the small amount litigation cases in our country. The second part is about the current situation and judicial dilemma of the adjudication relief mechanism of small-amount litigation cases in our country. This paper first introduces the current legislative situation of the remedy mechanism of adjudication of small litigation cases in our country, and then points out the difficulties existing in the application of the remedy mechanism of the adjudication of small litigation cases at present, and analyzes the reasons for this. The third part is the investigation of the remedy mechanism of the adjudication of extraterritorial small claims. This paper enumerates three relief mechanisms of extraterritorial motion, special appeal and adjudicative objection, and makes an analysis and explanation in order to provide enlightenment and reference for the construction of adjudicative relief mechanism of small-amount litigation cases in our country. The fourth part is the construction and perfection of the adjudication relief mechanism of small-amount litigation cases in our country. First of all, the author enumerates and comments on the academic viewpoints on the adjudication relief mechanism of small-amount litigation cases in China at present, and on the basis of comprehensive analysis of various views in our country and drawing lessons from the experience of foreign countries, This paper puts forward some concrete suggestions on how to improve the remedy mechanism of adjudication of small-amount litigation cases in our country, that is to say, to construct the relief mechanism of combining judicial objection system with retrial system.
【学位授予单位】：广东财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D925.1

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