我国刑事法律中老年人人权保障问题研究
发布时间：2019-06-14 10:02
【摘要】："莫道桑榆晚,微霞尚满天",古诗人刘禹锡用只言片语便揭示了老年人的价值所在。当前社会,伴随着我国人口老龄化趋势的日益加剧,我国老年人口数量日益庞大,安定老年群体,充分保障老年人人权,有助于社会的和谐稳定。十八届三中全会之后,中央下达了关于推进依法治国的决定,指出把推动社会治理体制创新法律制度建设,加速保障和改善民生,完善老年人等弱势群体人权保障等方面的法律规定作为工作重点。然而,在我国当前法制体系中,尤其是在刑事法律中,对老年人人权保障的种种规定"欲进还止"。其中对老年人在刑事犯罪中限制适用死刑之规定、从宽处罚之规定、放宽缓刑之规定,以及在刑罚执行过程中,在关于保障老年人人权上还不够充分。比如,缺乏保障人权的理念;在刑事法律中针对老年人免死、从宽处罚及放宽缓刑适用年龄界限不合理;在减刑、假释的相关适用条件上对老年人罪犯倾斜力度不够;老年人罪犯承担刑事责任方式过于单一等。由此,在本文中,笔者具体分析指出我国刑事法律在以上各方面对老年人人权保障上存在的不足之处,并提出具体合理的建议。简单而言就是增强保障人权的理念;将免死年龄界限降低至70岁,限制甚至减少死刑对老年人罪犯的适用;将从宽处罚及放宽缓刑适用的年龄界限均降低至65岁;在选择适用刑罚和执行刑罚时需要灵活化,并针对老年人犯罪适当适用非刑罚处罚方法。具体来说本篇文章共分成以下面四个章节进行详细论述:第一章是本文的绪论部分,简要说明文章的选题背景、研究意义,国内外研究现状,研究思路和方法,以及本文的创新与不足之处。第二章是概述部分。第一个方面主要是对人权进行一个大致概述,论述了人权的起源及现代人权理念在我国的发展历程。第二个方面界定本文的研究主体"老年人",并认为在当前社会65周岁以上的人才谓"老年人"。第三个方面笔者论述了对老年人人权进行保障的依据,包括刑法的人道主义价值、刑罚的轻缓化趋势等理论依据及在国际上对老年人人权的刑事法律保障趋势、我国人口老龄化问题等现实依据。第三章阐述了我国刑事法律中对老年人人权进行保障的现状,并分析指出其中存在的不足。不足之处主要有人权保障理念的缺乏,承担刑事责任方式过于单一,对老年人免死、从宽处罚及放宽缓刑适用年龄界限不合理等。第四章根据前文中我国刑事法律在保障老年人人权方面存在的不足,提出了合理的完善建议。
[Abstract]:"Mo Dao Sangyu is late, Xiaoxia is still full of sky." Liu Yuxi, an ancient poet, revealed the value of the elderly with a few words. At present, with the increasing trend of population aging in our country, the number of the elderly population in our country is becoming larger and larger, the stability of the elderly group, the full protection of the human rights of the elderly, and contribute to the harmony and stability of the society. After the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the Central Committee issued a decision on promoting the rule of law, pointing out that the legal provisions on promoting the innovation of the legal system of social governance system, speeding up the protection and improvement of people's livelihood, and perfecting the human rights protection of vulnerable groups such as the elderly should be the focus of their work. However, in the current legal system of our country, especially in the criminal law, all kinds of provisions on the protection of the human rights of the elderly "want to return". Among them, the restrictions on the application of the death penalty to the elderly in criminal crimes, the provisions of lenient punishment, the relaxation of suspended sentences, and the protection of the human rights of the elderly are not sufficient in the course of the execution of penalties. For example, there is a lack of the concept of protecting human rights; in the criminal law, it is unreasonable to exempt the elderly from death, lenient punishment and relax the applicable age limit of probation; in the relevant applicable conditions of commutation and parole, the preference for elderly criminals is not enough; the way for elderly criminals to bear criminal responsibility is too single, and so on. Therefore, in this paper, the author analyzes and points out the shortcomings of the criminal law of our country in protecting the human rights of the elderly in the above aspects, and puts forward some concrete and reasonable suggestions. To put it simply, it is necessary to strengthen the concept of protecting human rights; to reduce the age limit of exemption from death to 70 years of age, to limit or even reduce the application of the death penalty to elderly criminals; to reduce the age limit of leniency and relaxation of probation to 65 years of age; to be flexible in choosing and implementing penalties, and to apply appropriate non-penalty punishment methods for crimes committed by the elderly. Specifically, this article is divided into the following four chapters for detailed discussion: the first chapter is the introduction of this paper, briefly describes the background of the topic, research significance, research status at home and abroad, research ideas and methods, as well as the innovation and shortcomings of this paper. The second chapter is an overview. The first aspect is a general overview of human rights, discussing the origin of human rights and the development of modern human rights concepts in our country. The second aspect defines the main body of this study, "the elderly", and holds that the people over the age of 65 in the current society are called "the elderly". In the third aspect, the author discusses the basis of protecting the human rights of the elderly, including the humanitarian value of criminal law, the trend of mitigating penalty, the trend of criminal legal protection of the human rights of the elderly in the world, and the realistic basis of the aging of the population in our country. The third chapter expounds the present situation of guaranteeing the human rights of the elderly in the criminal law of our country, and analyzes and points out the shortcomings. The main shortcomings are the lack of the concept of human rights protection, the too single way to bear criminal responsibility, the exemption of the elderly from death, leniency and relaxation of the age limit applicable to probation, and so on. The fourth chapter puts forward some reasonable suggestions according to the shortcomings of the criminal law in protecting the human rights of the elderly.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2
本文编号：2499308
[Abstract]:"Mo Dao Sangyu is late, Xiaoxia is still full of sky." Liu Yuxi, an ancient poet, revealed the value of the elderly with a few words. At present, with the increasing trend of population aging in our country, the number of the elderly population in our country is becoming larger and larger, the stability of the elderly group, the full protection of the human rights of the elderly, and contribute to the harmony and stability of the society. After the third Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the Central Committee issued a decision on promoting the rule of law, pointing out that the legal provisions on promoting the innovation of the legal system of social governance system, speeding up the protection and improvement of people's livelihood, and perfecting the human rights protection of vulnerable groups such as the elderly should be the focus of their work. However, in the current legal system of our country, especially in the criminal law, all kinds of provisions on the protection of the human rights of the elderly "want to return". Among them, the restrictions on the application of the death penalty to the elderly in criminal crimes, the provisions of lenient punishment, the relaxation of suspended sentences, and the protection of the human rights of the elderly are not sufficient in the course of the execution of penalties. For example, there is a lack of the concept of protecting human rights; in the criminal law, it is unreasonable to exempt the elderly from death, lenient punishment and relax the applicable age limit of probation; in the relevant applicable conditions of commutation and parole, the preference for elderly criminals is not enough; the way for elderly criminals to bear criminal responsibility is too single, and so on. Therefore, in this paper, the author analyzes and points out the shortcomings of the criminal law of our country in protecting the human rights of the elderly in the above aspects, and puts forward some concrete and reasonable suggestions. To put it simply, it is necessary to strengthen the concept of protecting human rights; to reduce the age limit of exemption from death to 70 years of age, to limit or even reduce the application of the death penalty to elderly criminals; to reduce the age limit of leniency and relaxation of probation to 65 years of age; to be flexible in choosing and implementing penalties, and to apply appropriate non-penalty punishment methods for crimes committed by the elderly. Specifically, this article is divided into the following four chapters for detailed discussion: the first chapter is the introduction of this paper, briefly describes the background of the topic, research significance, research status at home and abroad, research ideas and methods, as well as the innovation and shortcomings of this paper. The second chapter is an overview. The first aspect is a general overview of human rights, discussing the origin of human rights and the development of modern human rights concepts in our country. The second aspect defines the main body of this study, "the elderly", and holds that the people over the age of 65 in the current society are called "the elderly". In the third aspect, the author discusses the basis of protecting the human rights of the elderly, including the humanitarian value of criminal law, the trend of mitigating penalty, the trend of criminal legal protection of the human rights of the elderly in the world, and the realistic basis of the aging of the population in our country. The third chapter expounds the present situation of guaranteeing the human rights of the elderly in the criminal law of our country, and analyzes and points out the shortcomings. The main shortcomings are the lack of the concept of human rights protection, the too single way to bear criminal responsibility, the exemption of the elderly from death, leniency and relaxation of the age limit applicable to probation, and so on. The fourth chapter puts forward some reasonable suggestions according to the shortcomings of the criminal law in protecting the human rights of the elderly.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2
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