马拉维刑事审判话语中非真诚性和可相信原则研究
发布时间：2025-03-30 03:00
马拉维大多数人对法律体系越来越不满。很多非专业法律评论员提出,法律制度是一场闹剧,一个卡特尔集团,是一系列使国家屈服的、无用的威胁。这是一个殖民化的、具有欺诈性和偏见性的制度,由于其中于国家没有帮助的人而完全与实际脱离。所有这些评论其实都是对司法系统诚意的质疑,在司法系统中,每个人都是脆弱和易受伤害的。因此,本研究将聚焦(无)诚意这个话题,通过对采集于马拉维下级和高级法院的22个刑事审判数据的分析,探寻法庭审判是如何运行的,公正如何通过协商、竞争而得以实现。我们认为,分析律师提问时以及控方证人回答问话时无诚意态度的特征可以从更广泛的角度阐释人们对司法制度的不满。在我们的研究中,无诚意并不等同为撒谎,而是律师通过问话控制的一种模式,是不合作(有意无诚意)的一种形式,也是证人反应的一种社会建构(无意识无诚意)。首先,我们回顾了三个理论模型,Grice(1975)的合作原则,赫弗(2019)的话语不真实模型以及廖(2005/2009)的目的原则。我们使用这三个理论模型以及定性研究领域最先进软件之一 NVIVO 11pro进行分析。但是,这些模型在某些方面是不足的。这也促使我们开发一种被称为可信...
【文章页数】：274 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
DEDICATION
ABSTRACT
摘要
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
1.1.1 An overview of procedure and law of evidence in Malawian criminal trial
1.1.2 Language, literacy, and the situation in Malawian courts
1.2 Scope of the study
1.3 Problem statement
1.4 Research objectives
1.5 Research questions
1.6 Research assumptions
1.7 Research significance
1.8 Definition of selected terms
1.9 Thesis structure and its organization
1.10 Chapter summary
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Malawi legal system
2.3 Forensic linguistics
2.4 Legal language
2.5 Selected studies in courtroom discourse
2.5.1 Narrative practices
2.5.2 Vulnerable and disadvantaged witnesses
2.5.3 Interpreting for bilingual courtrooms
2.5.4 Pragmatic studies in courtroom discourse
2.5.5 Power in courtroom discourse
2.6 Studies in truthfulness and insincerity
2.6.1 Truthfulness, lying, and trust in speech
2.6.2 Insincerity in speech
2.6.3 Insincerity as language crime (Perjury)
2.7 Rules of procedure in court
2.8 What determines questions and what determines answers?
2.9 Lawyers' discourse strategies
2.10 Witnesses' answering strategies
2.11 Limitations in the previous studies as a point of departure
2.12 Chapter summary
3.0 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Cooperative Principle
3.3 Discursive Untruthfulness model
3.4 The Goal-Driven Principle
3.5 Integration of the theories
3.6 The Principle of Believability
3.6.1 Introduction
3.6.2 The Principle of Believability: The base
3.6.3 Dimensions of Believability: the three pillars
3.6.4 The Principle of Believability and Insincerity as a System
3.6.5 Principle of believability and its maxims
3.6.6 Principle of Believability on points of continuum
3.6.7 Tenets of the Principle of Believability
3.6.8 Model for measuring witness believability
3.6.9 The inter-link of the four models
3.6.10 Chapter summary and conclusion
4.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND THE DATA
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Research Design
4.3 Study Sites and Population
4.4 Sampling Procedure
4.5 Ethical Considerations and Research Approvals
4.6 Data collection in subordinate courts and instrumentation
4.7 Data and procedure followed in High Court
4.8 The Data
4.8.1 Data from High Court
4.8.2 Data from subordinate courts
4.8.3 Data from prosecution and defense counsel
4.8.4 Data from witnesses
4.8.5 Summary
4.9 Data Analysis
4.9.1 Identifying lawyers' insincerity questioning strategies
4.9.2 Analyzing insincerity in witnesses responses
4.10 Challenges faced during data collection
4.11 Chapter summary
5.0 INSINCERITY IN LAWYERS' QUESTIONING STRATEGIES
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Data Analysis
5.2.1 Question types and their forms
5.2.2 Insincerity and syntactic classifications of questions
5.2.3 Quantification of questions in the data
5.2.4 Insincerity and distribution of questions
5.3 Discussion of insincerity in lawyers questions
5.3.1 Insincerity in prosecution questions
5.3.2 Insincerity in defense counsel's questions
5.3.3 Insincerity in defense questions: Beyond above classification
5.3.4 Dominance of questions, their macro-functions, and insincerity
5.3.5 Insincerity in lawyers' questions and the Goal-Driven Principle
5.3.6 The law as source of insincerity in lawyers' questions
5.3.7 Chapter conclusion and summary
6.0 INTENTIONAL INSINCERITY IN WITNESSES
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Discourse of professional witnesses
6.2.1 Unguided narratives
6.2.2 Formulaic expressions
6.2.3 Technical terms
6.2.4 Crafty responses
6.3 Discourse of lay and vulnerable witnesses
6.3.1 Inability to know what to say and what to hold
6.3.2 Highly guided narrative
6.3.3 Overt and plain responses
6.3.4 Summary
6.4 Insincerity as our subject of study
6.5 Intentional insincerity in witnesses' responses
6.5.1 Intentional insincerity
6.5.2 The analysis
6.5.3 Intentional insincerity in professional witnesses
6.5.4 Intentional insincerity in lay witnesses
6.5.5 Intentional insincerity as a continuum
6.5.6 Cooperation and intentional insincerity in court
6.5.7 Intentional insincerity and the Principle of Believability
6.5.8 Chapter summary and conclusion
7.0 UNINTENTIONAL INSINCERITY IN WITNESSES
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Unintentional insincerity
7.3 Identifying witnesses unintentional strategies
7.4 Unintentional insincerity in professional witnesses
7.4.1 Failure to respond to in-depth questions on their expertise
7.4.2 Failure to point the evidence to the accused person
7.5 Causes of professional witnesses' perceived insincerity
7.5.1 Poor investigation skills
7.5.2 Lack of forensic toolkits
7.6 Unintentional insincerity in lay witnesses' responses
7.7 Instances of perceived insincerity in lay witnesses
7.7.1 Failure to provide crucial details in relation to time and dates
7.7.2 Failure to provide direct responses to questions
7.8 Causes for perceived insincerity in lay witnesses
7.8.1 Access to law
7.8.2 Poor interpreting skills
7.8.3 Prosecution's failure to prepare witnesses
7.8.4 Vague questions from cross-examiners
7.9 Unintentional insincerity and the Principle of Believability
7.10 Chapter summary
8.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Summary of major findings
8.2.1 Limitation of previous studies
8.2.2 Theoretical treatment of insincerity
8.2.3 Insincerity in lawyers' questioning strategies
8.2.4 Intentional insincerity in witnesses
8.2.5 Unintentional insincerity in witnesses
8.2.6 Practical implications
8.2.7 Suggestions for future directions
8.2.8 Recommendations
8.3 Conclusion
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Peoples' comments about the legal system in Malawi
Appendix 2: Research approvals
Appendix 3: Transcription symbols used
Appendix 4: Sample of data transcript
本文编号：4038082
【文章页数】：274 页
【学位级别】：博士
【文章目录】：
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
DEDICATION
ABSTRACT
摘要
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
1.1.1 An overview of procedure and law of evidence in Malawian criminal trial
1.1.2 Language, literacy, and the situation in Malawian courts
1.2 Scope of the study
1.3 Problem statement
1.4 Research objectives
1.5 Research questions
1.6 Research assumptions
1.7 Research significance
1.8 Definition of selected terms
1.9 Thesis structure and its organization
1.10 Chapter summary
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Malawi legal system
2.3 Forensic linguistics
2.4 Legal language
2.5 Selected studies in courtroom discourse
2.5.1 Narrative practices
2.5.2 Vulnerable and disadvantaged witnesses
2.5.3 Interpreting for bilingual courtrooms
2.5.4 Pragmatic studies in courtroom discourse
2.5.5 Power in courtroom discourse
2.6 Studies in truthfulness and insincerity
2.6.1 Truthfulness, lying, and trust in speech
2.6.2 Insincerity in speech
2.6.3 Insincerity as language crime (Perjury)
2.7 Rules of procedure in court
2.8 What determines questions and what determines answers?
2.9 Lawyers' discourse strategies
2.10 Witnesses' answering strategies
2.11 Limitations in the previous studies as a point of departure
2.12 Chapter summary
3.0 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Cooperative Principle
3.3 Discursive Untruthfulness model
3.4 The Goal-Driven Principle
3.5 Integration of the theories
3.6 The Principle of Believability
3.6.1 Introduction
3.6.2 The Principle of Believability: The base
3.6.3 Dimensions of Believability: the three pillars
3.6.4 The Principle of Believability and Insincerity as a System
3.6.5 Principle of believability and its maxims
3.6.6 Principle of Believability on points of continuum
3.6.7 Tenets of the Principle of Believability
3.6.8 Model for measuring witness believability
3.6.9 The inter-link of the four models
3.6.10 Chapter summary and conclusion
4.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND THE DATA
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Research Design
4.3 Study Sites and Population
4.4 Sampling Procedure
4.5 Ethical Considerations and Research Approvals
4.6 Data collection in subordinate courts and instrumentation
4.7 Data and procedure followed in High Court
4.8 The Data
4.8.1 Data from High Court
4.8.2 Data from subordinate courts
4.8.3 Data from prosecution and defense counsel
4.8.4 Data from witnesses
4.8.5 Summary
4.9 Data Analysis
4.9.1 Identifying lawyers' insincerity questioning strategies
4.9.2 Analyzing insincerity in witnesses responses
4.10 Challenges faced during data collection
4.11 Chapter summary
5.0 INSINCERITY IN LAWYERS' QUESTIONING STRATEGIES
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Data Analysis
5.2.1 Question types and their forms
5.2.2 Insincerity and syntactic classifications of questions
5.2.3 Quantification of questions in the data
5.2.4 Insincerity and distribution of questions
5.3 Discussion of insincerity in lawyers questions
5.3.1 Insincerity in prosecution questions
5.3.2 Insincerity in defense counsel's questions
5.3.3 Insincerity in defense questions: Beyond above classification
5.3.4 Dominance of questions, their macro-functions, and insincerity
5.3.5 Insincerity in lawyers' questions and the Goal-Driven Principle
5.3.6 The law as source of insincerity in lawyers' questions
5.3.7 Chapter conclusion and summary
6.0 INTENTIONAL INSINCERITY IN WITNESSES
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Discourse of professional witnesses
6.2.1 Unguided narratives
6.2.2 Formulaic expressions
6.2.3 Technical terms
6.2.4 Crafty responses
6.3 Discourse of lay and vulnerable witnesses
6.3.1 Inability to know what to say and what to hold
6.3.2 Highly guided narrative
6.3.3 Overt and plain responses
6.3.4 Summary
6.4 Insincerity as our subject of study
6.5 Intentional insincerity in witnesses' responses
6.5.1 Intentional insincerity
6.5.2 The analysis
6.5.3 Intentional insincerity in professional witnesses
6.5.4 Intentional insincerity in lay witnesses
6.5.5 Intentional insincerity as a continuum
6.5.6 Cooperation and intentional insincerity in court
6.5.7 Intentional insincerity and the Principle of Believability
6.5.8 Chapter summary and conclusion
7.0 UNINTENTIONAL INSINCERITY IN WITNESSES
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Unintentional insincerity
7.3 Identifying witnesses unintentional strategies
7.4 Unintentional insincerity in professional witnesses
7.4.1 Failure to respond to in-depth questions on their expertise
7.4.2 Failure to point the evidence to the accused person
7.5 Causes of professional witnesses' perceived insincerity
7.5.1 Poor investigation skills
7.5.2 Lack of forensic toolkits
7.6 Unintentional insincerity in lay witnesses' responses
7.7 Instances of perceived insincerity in lay witnesses
7.7.1 Failure to provide crucial details in relation to time and dates
7.7.2 Failure to provide direct responses to questions
7.8 Causes for perceived insincerity in lay witnesses
7.8.1 Access to law
7.8.2 Poor interpreting skills
7.8.3 Prosecution's failure to prepare witnesses
7.8.4 Vague questions from cross-examiners
7.9 Unintentional insincerity and the Principle of Believability
7.10 Chapter summary
8.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Summary of major findings
8.2.1 Limitation of previous studies
8.2.2 Theoretical treatment of insincerity
8.2.3 Insincerity in lawyers' questioning strategies
8.2.4 Intentional insincerity in witnesses
8.2.5 Unintentional insincerity in witnesses
8.2.6 Practical implications
8.2.7 Suggestions for future directions
8.2.8 Recommendations
8.3 Conclusion
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Peoples' comments about the legal system in Malawi
Appendix 2: Research approvals
Appendix 3: Transcription symbols used
Appendix 4: Sample of data transcript
本文编号：4038082
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