论霍姆斯大法官“明显而即刻的危险”原则

发布时间：2017-12-27 01:07

本文关键词：论霍姆斯大法官“明显而即刻的危险”原则　出处：《上海交通大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：奥利弗·温德尔·霍姆斯作为美国现代史和美国司法史的最著名的法官之一,在长达50年的法官生涯中,他的许多司法言论曾在美国法律界乃至全社会掀起了一个又一个思潮。他对于自由主义的追求几乎贯穿了美国近代最高法院的历史。霍姆斯在他的法官生涯中所写下的判决意见最著名的部分集中在言论自由方面,时至今日依然被引用并编撰为集。“明显而即刻的危险”原则是霍姆斯大法官在试图找到言论自由限制与保护的努力和尝试。“明显而即刻的危险”原则的创立、发展及完善的过程,也反映了美国言论自由保障的发展轨迹。通过司法审查,“明显而即刻的危险”原则很好地发挥了保障公民言论自由的作用。本文结合联邦最高法院的关于宪法第一修正案的经典案例,以时代为背景系统地论述了“明显而即刻的危险”原则的提出、发展与完善。比较在非常时期美国宪政下的言论自由与限制,梳理和展示在不同历史时期对“明显而即刻的危险”原则的适用。同时通过对霍姆斯本人的思想与生平的解读,发掘霍姆斯本人在“明显而即刻的危险”原则转变过程中折射出的法学思想,进而揭示体现在这一原则上的美国言论自由保障与限制的客观规律与方法原理。
[Abstract]:Oliver Wendell Holmes, one of the most famous judges in the history of modern America and the history of American judicature, has been in another trend of thought in the American legal community and even the whole society in his 50 years of judge career. His pursuit of liberalism almost ran through the history of the modern Supreme Court of the United States. The most famous part of Holmes's judgment, written in his career as a judge, is focused on freedom of speech and is still quoted and compiled as a collection today. The "obvious and immediate danger" principle is the effort and attempt of judge Holmes to try to find the restriction and protection of freedom of speech. The process of the establishment, development and perfection of the principle of "obvious and immediate danger" also reflects the development track of the freedom of speech in the United States. Through judicial review, the principle of "obvious and immediate danger" has played a good role in guaranteeing the freedom of speech of citizens.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D971.2;DD911

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