宪法适应性理论在我国的法律探索与实践

发布时间：2017-12-28 18:25

本文关键词：宪法适应性理论在我国的法律探索与实践　出处：《复旦大学》2011年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：宪法作为国家的根本大法调整着国家的根本问题或者全局性问题,并且对根本性或全局性问题做出了原则性的规定。因此相较于一般的法律,宪法更能承受政治、经济、文化等方面的变化,也就说宪法比一般法律具有更强的适应性。宪法的适应性,被广大学者看作是宪法的生命,它揭示的是宪法与社会现实之间的关系,它必须反映一定的社会关系,不能脱离生活现实的需要。宪法适应性理论的基本原理是立法者在发展的社会中不断调整矫正宪法规范与客观现实之间的关系,从而保证宪法的内容始终具有鲜活的生命力,始终反映时代的要求和人民的物质文化需要。从我国的宪法学理论研究总体看,宪法适应性理论研究仍然是一个宪法学研究中的薄弱环节,至今尚未形成一套完整的应用原则和制度体系,已不能充分适应我国法治建设和宪政事业快速发展的需要。在实践层面,我国的宪法变迁机制还不完善,宪法修改与宪法解释作为增强宪法适应性的两种方式在我国发展还不均衡,违宪审查程序与宪法的司法适用等配套制度也不健全甚至仍是空白。本文将从对宪法适应性理论的剖析入手,结合我国的宪法传统与社会实际,对宪法变迁机制的设计作些许有实际意义的探索,以期达到增强宪法适应性、形成良善宪政秩序的目的。本文共分为三个部分：引言、正文和结语,其中正文部分分为三章：第一章主要介绍有关宪法适应性的主流理论。通过对宪法本质属性、社会发展客观规律以及宪法适应性问题产生原因的分析,探究宪法适应性与其他概念如宪法稳定性、宪法变迁、宪政秩序之间的关系,以求进一步明确宪法适应性的意涵与作用。第二章主要介绍增强宪法适应性的两种方式,也是宪法变迁机制的基本构成单元——宪法解释与宪法修改,通过对两种方式的特征进行比较分析,进一步明确两者在我国的效果差异及可行性程度区别。第三章主要是结合理论,联系实际,探索有利于我国宪法适应性机制构建的模式与制度,通过对新中国历次宪法修改所体现的适应性进行剖析,寻找有利于机制构建的理论基础与现实条件。
[Abstract]:As the fundamental law of the state, the constitution adjusts the fundamental or global problems of the state, and provides a principled stipulation for fundamental or overall problems. Therefore, compared with the general law, the constitution is more able to bear the changes in political, economic, cultural and other aspects. It is also said that the constitution is more adaptable than the general law. The adaptability of the constitution is regarded by many scholars as the life of the constitution. It reveals the relationship between the Constitution and social reality. It must reflect certain social relations and not be divorced from the needs of life. The basic principle of constitutional adaptation theory is that legislators constantly adjust the relationship between constitutional norms and objective reality in the developing society, so as to ensure that the content of the constitution always has fresh vitality, and it always reflects the requirements of the times and people's material and cultural needs. From the overall research of constitutional theory in China, study on the adaptability of constitutional theory is still a weak link in the study of constitutional law, has not yet formed a complete set of application principle and system, can not fully meet the needs of the rapid development of the construction of China's rule of law and constitutional cause. At the practical level, the mechanism of constitutional change in China is still not perfect. The two ways of constitutional amendment and constitutional interpretation as the enhancement of the adaptability of the constitution are not balanced in China, and the supporting systems such as the constitutional review procedure and the judicial application of the constitution are not perfect or even blank. This article will start with the analysis of the theory of constitutional adaptation, and combine our constitutional tradition and social reality, make some practical exploration on the design of the mechanism of constitutional change, in order to achieve the purpose of enhancing the adaptability of the Constitution and forming a good constitutional order.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D921

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